SLAVERY : 



ITS ORIGIN, NATURE AND HISTORY. 



ITS RELATIONS TO SOCIETY, TO GOVERNMENT, 

AND TO TRUE RELIGION, -TO HUMAN 

HAPPINESS AND DIVINE GLORY. 



CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF BIBLE TEACHINGS, MOilAL 
JUSTICE, AND POLITICAL WISDOM. 



BY REV. THORNTON STRINGFELLOW, D. D., 

OF CULPEPER COUNTY, VIRGINIA. 



\ ALEXANDRIA 



\ 



PRiNTEU AT THE VIRGINIA SEXTINEL OFFICE. 



IS^iQl' r^ 



A' s^ 





/ 

/ 



* 



SLA. VERY AND GOVERNMENT. 



CHAPTER I. Question. What is an Apprentice in tl le United 

TThat gliv^ry is--v?h't freec^om i? — None nre States? 

I. Ill' ite- iill site' Iciii • sln^ss-sliMEiy n AiiiiTfr An nrrroutife, atnprling to the 

neccss.ilj' — Why the wLUj nioe is iiirijl.J D. iiJ( iLuti. ii, is a puistu «lic owai atl'uce, or 

with political freedom at 21- Why is it is with- labor tn another person. 

held from the black race for life— Slavery is Question. Do-s a child stand in the san le rela- 

juH— and why— None are born enual— in- tion to his father, (as regards service and subjee- 

equality the ground of social happiness— What t'o" ^o his will) that an itpprentice, or slave does to 

eoverninentls— what its object is— where it ^i" master? 

oriffinated—bv whom it should be exercised— Answer, lies— until h» is twenty-oae years old. 

anfwhv— In'eriority of the black race— the Qiestion. Is this serrioe, or labor of chi Idren, 
f 'f 51. apprentices, and slaves, legal property hithi) Uni- 

P"^*"" °^ ted States ? 

It is not many years since our brethren at the Answer. Yes— it is so declared by tbr laws 
North engaged in a crusade against Slavery; be- of every state in the Union, exoept as to 
cause, (as they said) it was denounced in every slaves, and by the slavehelding States as to them 
page of the Bible, as the greatest sin on darth. What is the difference then between^! slave, wnd a 

Q If Bible hasheen examined, and it hiis been white minor who is called free ? The difference is, 
found that slavery is fully sanctioned by it. th.at a slave of the black race owes labor and sub- 
Nevertheless, this crusade has waxed warmer jeetion to his master for life ; while the white 
against slavery, as a sin of the deepest dye; be- minor and apprentice only owe service and sub- 
oau@e it was a sin (as they have said) against a jeetion until they are twenty one years old. 
higher law than the Bible. No appeal is now Question. Has a parent a legal property right; 
made to the Bible— but to consciences begotten in the service or labor of his child, and a legal 
by infidelity. By this new conscience ev^ry right to control him and coerce him to obedience 
question of right and wrong is to be tried— and without his consent ' 

every penalty inflicted. These crusaders have Answer. Yes, he has exactly the same proper- 
adopted, as their Bible, on the subject of slavery, ty right in the service or labor of his chi d until 
Mr. Jefferson's deolar.ition, that "all men are he is twenty one years old and e.\ttctly thesame 
born free and equal." It may not be amiss then right to control him, and to coerce obedience to 
to try this new Bible by the common sense and his authority until that time, that the master has 
the common observation of all men — to see ju, and over his slave. 

whether it ought to have preference over the old Question. Has the parent of the child, and the 
3ibie, be*"ore we throw the old one away, as our master of the slave, unlimited discretion in cona- 
brethten of the Nonh do wtien it conflicts with pelling obedience to their authority' 
their new anti-slavery Bible. First then, let us Answer. No. Both the parent and the master 
guqyire, are restricted by statute laws, and judicial deci- 

Whatis Slavery in the United States? sions, to the use of such means only as are neces- 

Answer. It is a system of personal servitude, gary and propt-r to secure obedience. Both pa- 
ander a form of government adopted for the renta and masters are responsible to the state for 
African race, the leading principle of which be- the exercise of means that are improper and uu- 
longs to every form of government among men. necessary to secure this end. 

Qu«stion. What is that leading principle? Question Why does the law give freedom to 

Answer. It is submiFsion to, and control by the white race at the age of twenty-one, and 
the will of another. This is the essential princi- withhold it from the black race during life ' 
pie of all forms of government ; and without it Answer. Because experience teaches that the 
there can be no government. It is the principle white race oan be prepared in that time to take 
crdained of God for the government of a family, chirge of families, and perform the duties of 
Its administration is given of God to the heads citizens; while, on the other hand, experience de- 
of families who have instinctively accepted and monstrates th.-t the black race cannot be prepared 
acted npon'it in all ages and countries during a whde li*"e to take charge of fami ies or 

Question. What is the amount of power in perform the duties of citizena. But if they could 
their hands to enforce obedience over children be prepared in th»t time to use freedom for their 
and slaves' And what is the object aimed at in own good, and that of the community, would it 
its exercise ? ^® right to accord it to them ? Answer. It cer- 

Answ»r. The amount of power in their hands tain y would accord with christian obligation. 
to enforce obedience over chil Iren and slaves, -pije ^^ly safe guide we have in a family, or 
ia limited to the use of all necessary and proper gtate, by whieh to decide ttv* amount of sel con- 
means to secure obedience, and the object aiined t,-ol • or freedom to which men or minors are en- 
at in its exercise, is to develope their faculties, titled under any form of government, is ex- 
and fit them to take care of families, and discharge perience: that, and that only, will tell us how 
political duties. _ much of freedom they can use as a good to them- 

Question. What is a slave in the United States? gelves, in subordination to the genernl good of 
An^iwer. A slave, according to the Federal Con- the family, or st.ate. Wh°n freedom is not a good 
atitntion, is a person ivho owes service or labor to both, it is a duty to wi hhold it 
to another person. In the language of tha Scrip- If self-control constitutes freedom, and control 
tares, he is a "man's money." by another constitutes what is properly called 



\ 

slavery, then, is not every person to the extent of is defined to be, "independence," "liberty," "e 
that control a slave; whether he be called free, or emption from control." Man, when bom is th 
bond ? Answer. Certainly he is a slave whether most dependent creature on earth. He must be 
so called, or not. The name does not always in- deprived of all liberty, to save his life. Can ha 
dicate truly the actual condition of person.? in a be deprived of all liberty and still be free ? He 
particular relation of life. must be controlled in every thing. Is he still ex- 
Question. Is the citizen who owes allegiance empt from control ? There has never been an as- 
to the state for life, as properly a slaveto the state sertion made and believed, which all miffht know 
for life, as the African, who owes service, or labor 
to his master for life ? Answer. Certainly, 
he is as much a slave to the state, though he be 
called a free man. The state subjects men while 



with so much certainty to be untrue. Man when 
born is helplessly dependent, free to do nothing: 
without permission, and entirely under parental 
control, until he is given up to the control of the 
within her jurisdiction to her control, and claims ^^ate' which holds him under control till death.- 
• ,^ i. iJi-.- :_- • 1.^. f^ , If this constitutes freedom, then all men are born 



a right to their service in whate ,"er form she may 
in her sovereignty, be pleased to call for it; so the 
master subjects his slave to his control, and 
claims a right to his service in whatever form hs 
may call for it. But is not this service or labor 



freCj but not otherwise. 

The second thing affirmed in this Declaration of 
Independence, and, which with the above error, has 
been adopted by a portion of our countrymen as a 



. ,, , , ,,,. ,- ,. i , ii ' -i. partof their Bibleis, that "allmenare born equal." 
to the state, and this subjec .on to her authority, ^ ^^jjj „^j ^ ,j^. .^^ \ ^^y^j.^ all men 'know 
allvoluntary on the part of the white race? An- to be true, that they are not born intellectually 
swer. It is not more voluntary with the white ^^^^1. ^^at thev are not born morally equal; that 
minor, and the female half of the white race, than ^^^^y j^^g not born politically equal; that they are 
with the biack slave. Both may quietly submit not' born equal in social position, or advantages; 
to it, while neither may like it. The white minor nor are they in any other sense equal, as integral 
and the black slave are both born equally subject parts of earthly governments, of which I can con- 
to absolute control without their consent. Both ceive, from their birth until their death. And yet 
are born in a state of domestic bondage, one for a belief in these abstractions, these palpable false- 
life, to his master, the other for twenty-one years, hoods, is at the bottom of a crusade against organ- 
to his father. When this age is reached he who ized society and constitutional liberty in the Uni-i 
has been in doiiestic bondage up to this time, ted States, which aims at the destruction of all the; 
silently acquiesces in subjection to the state, safe-guards of life and property, and a universal 
which now binds him for the balance of his life, 
to service and subjection, as the African is bound 
to his master for the balance of his life. 

The state, who is the master of the citizen, and 
the man, who is the master of the s'.ave, is right- 
fully clothed with authority the world over to, 
maintain dominion over both. 



overthrow of law and order, save that of the "high-; 
cr law," of every murderer's conscience. Wehave'^' 
lateli' had a specimen of the conscience which this 
"higher law" produces. It was exhibited in the 
person of .John BrowTi and a few others. 

This specimen is much admiied by all of the 
., ., same faith and order — so much so, that he is re- 
botli. J his authority, gaxded by them as the second Saviour of the world 
or power to govern them, is from God. It was _who is "destined to be as much honored for sub- 
given to Adam before the first child was born, stituting his own conscience for the Bible, as Jesus 
God said to Eve that Adam should rule oyer her. Christ has been for giving eternal life to them 
This included the family and the state. that love him — and who prove that love, as the 

Prom my knowledge of both races in the Bible directs, b)' yielding a willing obedience to 
United States, I am of opinion, that the per law and order, in all the relations of life. And 
cent of Africans who are satisfied with their do- because of this assumed freedom and equality, with 
mestic bondage, is much greater than the per cent certain assumed unalienable rights, the conclusion 
of the white race who are satisfied with their is dr.awn, according to this new political Bible, 
political bondage. Question. How is this to be that all good government must originate in the 
accounted for ' Answer. Because domestic bond consent of the governed. But seeing— as we aU 
men are parts of families for whose comfort, am- must see— that none are born either free or equal 
pie provision is made. They are supplied with --''^il'^ ^'^^^ subjection to government from birth is 
good homes, with all the necessary wants of them- a uniyersal necessity-it is not true that govern- 
„u.„ „„ 1 +1, • f -T c Tc ■ -1 J ment originates in the consent of the governed. — 

sehes and thPir families f;or Me, m sickness, and ^,,^ ^^^^^^ ^j^^^.^ ^^ ^^ ^^.^^ ^^ choose his govern- 
in health, in infancy, andin old age,---with an en- ,^^^,^^ .^^ .j^^ ^,1^^^^ ^-^^^^^^ ^^^jl ^j^^ white minor 
tire exemption from anxious care; while political reaches twenty one years of age. At that age he 
bond.age subjects the citizen to pecuniary bur- oegMiVe, a right, inmost of our states, to make, 
dens, .nnd an oppressive competition, which or aid in making improvements in the laws ; but 
leaves him too often without a home, and a com- he can never acquire a right to abolish government, 
fortable supply for his necessary wants. In addi- for that is God's ordinance, and cannotbe rightful-'" 
tion to this, political bondage subjects the citizen ly abolished. 
to all the perils attendant upon war, and a due Two questions are appropriate at this point: — 



execution of the law, from all of which the Af- 
rican ''felave, in domestic bondage, is entirely 
exempted. 

But if "all men are born free and equal," does 
it not follow that children must be released from 
parental authority and service, apprentices from 



What is government ? And ^yhat is its origin '?- 
Answer : Government is control ; it is the opposite 
of freedom, or a right to do as we please. It is 
powder to compel obedience to the will of a superior. 
Where did it originate ? It originated in the will 
of God ; and was ordained as soon as sin entered 




this follows as a necessary consequence if all men ^^jg^ j}- societies or nations were all dissolved 

'^'"w ,,7- ^® "^ c' this government would still exist. Its powers, ob- 

Well . is it not true that all men are born free jgcts^ and administration would remain the same, 

and equal ■• Answer. No. Every man who ever Family government is a necessity in natnre.— 

raised, or saw an infant man, raised to manhood. Every new" family instinctively assumes it because 

knows that it is not true. What is freedom ? It it ia God's ordinance. It is the best model of a 



atatc. Ht-re the principles and objects of govern- 
ment are tirst learned. Without tlii;< seliool the 
idea of government could not bi- known. 

Adam's taniilv were i)art.'< of hiniself ; and so of 
all families. This is the Divine e;uarantee for a 
right use of familv authority. Tiie impulses of na- 
ture con.-ititut(" the guarantee that the ilivinelr 
constituted head will rule the family in righteou.s- 
ness, and not abuse his authority in chastising for 
disobedience. 

Family government cannot be diispensed with; 
Without'it, the world would be di'jxipulated. It is 
the nui-sery and school room in which the materials 
for large families or States, must of necessity be 
prepared. A well governed family is the best ino- 
del for a State which exists among men. It w in 
the familv that every human being loams the na- 
ture, thcnece.sssity, and the objects of government 
and the necessity "for such modifications as rxpo- 
rietice suggests.' Here we learn that government 



we give to every man that which is his dac" — 
Shack says "it is retribution" — which Bacon de- 
hnes to be, "return accommodated to the action." 
Both definitions claim for the slave— whether the 
white minor, or the black African — an C(]uivalent 
for the service they render, and the submission to 
which thev are subjected. 

It is ))erfect foil v" to ignore the analogy between 
the slaverv of our children and that ot the African 
—and claim for our chihlren a legal exemption 
from a c<mdition of slavery, as complete and per- 
fect, as that of the .\frican slave. 

The .sejvice or labor of our child is legally our 
„n„n,y — ^ve can coerce this labor at home — we can 
hire out this labor to another— or we can sell it at 
anv price it will command in the market — and by 
such sale we pass to the imrchaser our authority to 
control our child, bv all necessary and prope'- 
means for that end, until he is twenty one years 
old. This, and no more, is true of the .\fricati 



must bcm in absolute despotism, instead of abao- slave, except as to the length of time he serves.- 

lute freedom- Here we learn that all men arc The service, or labor of our slave, is legally our 

born slaves to parents, that parents have a right money for life. The service, or labor ot our child 

t<\ their service: and a right to control them until is legally our money for twenty one years. We 

thev arc qualilie<l to rai.se families, and use political can hire this service or labor o our slave to anoth- 

freedom. All self control, which is freedom, is er. just as we can that of our child— or we can sell 

cruelty to the infant man and utterly inconsistent it for life, just as we cin that of ""»'ctiild_lor twen- 
with doing to others "as we would they should do 



unto us." It is here we learn to what extent au- 
thority may be relaxed in subordination to the 



ty-one years— and with this service or labor we 
jiass to'the purchaser, our authority to control our 
'ave. just as we do our child— and by means only 



general good, that what would be a good to one, for that end, which are necessary and proper, 
would be an evil to another, that the object of Xow for this .service or labor— and tor ti„s sub 
governmentistoprevent the evil, to promote the jcction and control--wbat does the child receive 



on the one hand, and what does the African slave 
receive on the other, that makes this slavery just? 
Unless they both receive in return •' what is due" 

or, "what is accommodated to the action," then 

this slavery of our children and of Africans is un- 
just. 

What does our child receive as a compensation 
for his labor and subjection to our c(jntrol for twen- 
ty one years? He receives a sleepless and untiring 
watchcare from his birth, night and day, in sick- 
ness and in health, in prosperity and adversity- 
until he is twenty-one years old. He receives also 
an exemption from all care;— food to eat, and rar- 
ment to put on ; a home to shield him; and a hand 
to defend him ; a teacher to instruct and a friend 
to restrain him ; until his mental and physical na- 
ture is sufficiently developed, and his char.^cter 
and habits sutKcientlv formed, to take the rcspon- 
control of the world. It is here we learn the quali- sibilities of life on himself; or i^n other words, to 
lications which fit us to raise families, and meet provide for, and govern a family, and meet the 



food, and to educate the body and mind. It is is 
ere we learn that the government suited to one 
individual, or family, would be very unsuitable to 
another. That the"amount of self-control to which 
some members entitle themselves in a family, can 
never be safely granted to others. It is in the family 
we learn to love each other, to sympathise with 
each other, to do justice, to speak truth, what vir- 
tue is, what vice is, what personal and property 
rights are, what law is, what authority is, and 
how, and why it should be used in enforcing law. 
It is here we' learn that age ought to control in- 
fancy, that wisdom ought to control ignorance, 
and "that liberty of action and opuiion should be 
accorded by a standard that experience only can 
furnish. It is in the family we learn that there is 
a God, our responsibility to Him, and the princi- 
ples contained in his word for the moral and social 



the responsibilities of political freedom. And here 
we learn that wisdom, experience, and the highest 
degree of interest in the well being of those to be 
governed, are necessary qualifications in those who 
govern. This government has been sanctioned by 
the States of the federal Union for every white 
family and their slaves. 

If we war against domestic, or family govern- 
ment, becauseit claims service, or labor of the At- 



demands of' political freedom. For all of this— 
which commences with his first breath, and inter- 
mits not for a moment^that has for its object the 
formation of character, and the acquisition of hab- 
its, which will make him a blessing to himself and 
the world : the parent receives about eight years 
service, and the most of that worth but little, 
from the fact that skiU and strength have first to 
be acquired for every species of labor which has 



rican slave for life, and subjects him to the control any value to the parent for the present, or .o the 

of a master, must we not for the same reason wa^ child hereafter. ^„^pivAin all 

war against it for exacting service or labor from Now to say that this child d?es not receirem all 

our children, and subjecting them to our control tl"^. '"^^-e th^n justice aemands as a reward .^ 

until they ai'e twenty one fears old? And must his service or labor, and for his filial obedience, M 



we not wao:e war ag'ainst all governments which 
sanction the same principle, and do the same 
thing, as every government has done since the 
world began? ' And when this war is successfully 
ended against all eontrol, except our own wills, or 
the new conscience of the "higher law" Bible, will 
there be any government left on earth to control, 
or prevent any being from doing all that a depraved 
nature may prompt him to do? 

But it is'said that slavery is unjust, — inasmuch as 
it takes from the slave his labor, and the control 
of himself— both of which it is said belong to him. 

What 



what no man can sav who desires to honffr his own 
understanding. If these views be correct as re- 
gards our children, then the slavery to which they 
are subjected for twenty one years is not unjust— 
and if slavery fir twenty-one years can be just; 
upon the ground that tlie slave receives what is 
his due,— and that in a form "accommodated tp. 
the action," or service rendered, then it foUowSi 
that slavery for a longer time, or for the whole of, 
life— may "for the same reason.be just also. ;, 
The Almighty has subjected all ot Adam's poa-f; 
terity to a state of slavery as they are born into , 
the world. Instead of giving them at their birth. 



Let us examine this objection. Question. .,..-- -— -" -^ 3 r '^a^^ r^h^nh wa<j ak 

is justice? Lockesays, "it is that virtue by which full grown maturity aad freedom, which was aa 

, 'i ,.tc, • . ':: ol D-jiOe 

.,,; i>lbii(, 'J')'! ill «»* «*»**•' 



6 



ecuy for infinite wisdom and Ahniofhtr power, He moto his own p!,'ood, and that of the State; and to 
ordained helplessness at thf^ir birth— delegatad continue that state of flaverv or sopvitude fo'- any 
power to Adam to rule oyer them — and then by a length of time which the State thinks will best 
nere.-sitv g.-owin^u' out cf this helplessness, coin- subs-^rve this end. This slavery to thi State may 
peiicd bini to tike charge of then' until their phvs- consist in rendering service or labor in the peni- 
ical and intellectual natures could be educated to tentiary, in the work-house, or to a domestic mas- 
tak ■ charge of themselves. ter for a price to the State which he shall pav for 

The Divine constitution of things on which so- this se vice, which b.'longs of right to the State, 
cial happiness and lu-osperity are made to depend, All this shows that the reason for which persons 
is ada;ited to this condition of h-^lpless depen- should be subject'-d to slavery in any form, for 
deiice at out- birt'., and the want of equality in limited or unlimited periods, is because they are 
every iiulividual of the species. In this constitu- unfit to use freedom as a good to themselves, in 
tion of things there is a harmonious blending of subsc'viencv to the good of the communitv. 
mir |Hn,l?, lestoad of croat'^d ■:(;>'((" >!!/ M-hidulne' ^Vn h:ive shomi nil)' lineij was Just to mi- 
ll U 'si:,t uiiniii; men -mid wliiuh can be IminJ nun; that Ley itt;ei5e.l as inuoh, or "more than 
n.)where- -we lincl created i)irr/(/'(?t7// everywhen — they were ju-^tly entitled to; and in a form best 
and this i)K'(^('rt('iV.y among men, is made of God to accommodated to th;; service and subjection ren- 
be the <-o/tes)i-fi f/eme((Y which binds all together in dered, as an equivalent for it. It remains to be 
the social b,>dy — so thnt the head cannot say to shown that domestic slavery for life, is just and 
the feet, I have no need of thee— so that the least proper for the African race -because they are not 
honorable, and the ni ist honorable, mase up but qualified to use political freedom, and' becau,se 
one social body without any schism — all the mem- they receive the full due for this service and la- 
bers equally needful and harmoniously blending bor — and that in a form accommodated to the ser- 
in the ]iroduction of results which can never be vic" they pay for it. 

reached by the control of any ))rinciple, which The African race is constitutionally inferior to 
refuses subordination, subjection, and dependence to the white race. Experience proves this in all 
among the various niembers. the conditions and countries they have ever occu- 

In the family, wliich is the oldest and most im- pied. The African has left no memoiial which 
portant social organi/.ation, inequality in every proves his cajiaeity to improve, unaided by a su- 
respact, is found to evist among all the members, perior race, or to pi-ogress when improve- 
Some have endowments to advance the general ment has been given him. Th"re is a great phvs- 
welfare — some are so dwarfed as to be incapable ical, moral and intellectual difference between the 
of a higher function that that of executing what two races. The tendency ui)on each race of the 
another contrives- -some have powers fitting them same set of circumstances, does not diminish, but 
for control — others have qualities fitting them for increases this difference through life. The age of 
bumble submission and grateful dependence. In twenty-one, which gives bodily maturity to both, 
this most ancient organization, experience unfolds developes moral and intellectual manhood in the 
the principles for constructing a social body out of white race, while the African remains at the end 
parf,s unequal — by which each member shall be of that time, a mere child in intellectual and moral 
rendered useful — made a contributor to the gene- developement. perfectly incapable of performing 
ral weltare — and a partaker in the general result the great functions of social life. By nature he is 
to the full amount of his due. " contented everv where in destitution, until want 

It is in the family that individuals learn depen- pinches him. ^n freedom, he cannot be educated 
dence upon each other— ho^^ they can help each to provide for his present wants — much less to lay 
other — and how they can injure each other. It is by him in store for the future. It is the present 
here that our moral nature is trained to "wee]) only that excites him to action. No wages will 
with them that weep," and to ''rejoice with them secure habitual and continued labor fi'om him, 
them that do rejoice." Here we learn to love while he is free to consult his own will. He can 
each other, and to be grateful. Here the kind imitate, but cannot originate any thing. He can 
otlices have been practised n hicli bind the heart execute but cannot contrive. By nature he is af- 
of the grown man to the decrepitude of him who fectionate to his master, and if he has a good one, 
has watched his infancy — which controlled his will separate from wife and children, sooner than 
boyhood — and elevated him to manhood. It is on from him; so will a wife from her husband and 
this theatre that the thrilling events, and cheering childr-en. He intuitiTcly looks up to the superior 
reminiscences, have been acted which bind broth- race for control and protection. In slavery he 
er to brother, and sister to sister, children to pa- yields hearty submission to authority, and is as 
rtnts, and man to man. It is here we learn the proud of a rich master, as if his master's wealth 
wi'dHiire of incnpaeity, which dif<qvalificit for the was all his own. He instinctively tnrns from the 
higher responsibilities of yjolitical and constitution- poor white man unless he shows' by his manners 
al freedom ; and it is pre-eminently true, that this that he has been well raised. The slave looks with 
school alone, can teach us the measure of freedom (\i>»gust upon the free negro, because of his pover- 
with which the African slave can be invested ty and rags, and because he lacks those qualities 
coii,-.istently with his own good and that of the which entitle freedom to respect. As a general 
communitv. The kno\^ ledge thus gained testifies rule, he refuses marriage with a free negro, be- 
tbiitthe clomesric slaver}' of the United States ac- cause of his merited degradation in .'<ociety. The 
cords to Mm all the freedom that is justly due to slaves have no aspirations for political freedom, 
him, oi- that could be accoi'ded on christian prin- or freedom of any kind except freedom to do noth 
cipi s — and that he should be held in that condi- ing. 

tiiui until his pupilage has developed the requisite A universal tendency is seen ii^ those .''laves who 
qu:i,ilications for using more enlarged freedom. have been advanced in civilizatihh, to retiograde 
Till- white child is held to service and control under the influence of freedom when it is bestowed 
until lie is supposed to be qualified to use political on them; and this tendency is seldom arrested until 
anil constitutional freedom. This freedum, when it reaches the lowest level. It would bo difficult 
it if- accorded to him at the age of twenty-one, is to find an exception to this general rule, and more 
accorded on the supposition that he is qualified to so, to find an instance of progressive improvement 
Bee it. it upon trial, however, this supposition after freedom is obtained. One trait in their char- 
proves to be a mistake in the case of an individual, 
the State i-cserves to herself the right to withdiaw 
this ctm.-titutional and political f eedom, and to 
suKJL'ct him to such a system of slavery or servi 



icter in the United States corresponds in a remark- 
able degree with their native character in Afri- 
ca; that is, an affectionate loyalty to their master. 
Thev will stand by him here, and in Afiica to the 



tuOu, aa ill her judgment is buBt adapted to pro- death against foreign enemies. In the war of the 



Revt)iution, and in that of IfilS tlioy stood by tliciT- 
master's d •fcncelL'Ss wivi'n and children, as a wall 
of fii'f for tlu'ir protection aniS vj. 'fence aijainsl the 
British and Toi-ie.s. Thj same lidelity was shown 
by tbein in the late attempt to alienate them at 
Etai'per's Ferry. They form an excevition in this 
respeet to all otiier races of men. Tneir loyalty 
maybe measured by their amount of intelligence. 
Their intelligence has regularly yirogressed since 
tbjy first landed fln this continent. As their in- 
telligence increases, so does their devotion to the 
white I'ace, and to the re'hition they sustain to that 
race. Hence, at the present time, a large per 
cent, of African jntelligence I'epiidiates treedoni, 
and for reasons s(» sensible' and s'l unansweiablc, 
as to inake misguided philantliiopy blush for- its 
want of sound, practical, common s.'nse. Their 
answer to the sophistry of this spuiioua benevo- 
lence is always at liand, and will continue to 
be so, as long as free negroes are to be 
found in their present condition everywhere 
on the globe. They have acquired a pretty 
correct knowledge of what they cannot sei' 
at a distance, and that conHmis them in the opin- 
ion they have formed from what they do see 
around tnem — and that opinion is, that as a race, 
the p/'otection, control, and social advantages of 
the white race, is a positive necessity to them, and 
that it is wirth more to them as a race, than their 
Service or labor can be to the white race, after 
abstracting for themselves a t'ull supply for every 
want during the vicissitudes of an entire life. And 
with the permission and encouragement of their 
masters, they would exterminate the agents who 
come among us to alienate them fiom their alle- 
giance. 

My purpose thus far has been to show that Af- 
rican slavery in the United States is a social and 
political necessity, and to show that it is just to the 
Afi leans, as it accords to him in a form best adapt- 
ed to his natuie, more than an equivalent for his 
service, or labor — and that it is in accoi dance with 
the obligation to ''do good to all men"— and to 
"do to others as we would they should do unto 
us." 

If the question of enslaving free Africans on the 
continent of Africa, wa; an open one. it would aid 
us before deciding it, to suppose a case. A free 
Atrican intant on that continent — endowed with 
the intelligence of manhood, is approached by one 
of the white lace^ — who proposes hereditary bon- 
dage to him and his postei ity, and as an equiva 



lent to him for the loss of his 



?iity, anc 
is liberty, 



ofters him the 



while you stand in anv other relation to this supe- 
rior i-ace, than that ol bring a part and jiaiccl of 
their family, working for tluir bi'nelit, and siibjcc- 
ted to theii- coutrcil and government. Thiscontro 
and government is the same to which tlieii- cliil- 
dien aie subjected, while being trained up to nia- 
tuiity and manhood. If you cannot reach iho 
same attainments they do, you can make yourself 
welc(nne as a i)art ol' their families, by the dis- 
charge of your duty, and can shaie with them in 
all the advantages which can righti'ully be accord- 
ed to youi- attaiinnents. And all the progressive 
attainments you may nnike in this school, shall con- 
tinue to be rewarded with the advantages which 
ju^tice may claim for them. 

This young African subsi'quently re|)lies: Since 
your |)roposal, I have had a review oi thewoild's 
nistory, covering a peiiod of moi'c than three 
thousand years. During all this time, I havo 
seen that my race in Afiiea — so ))rolilic in every 
thing that makes up the catalogue oi human com- 
foi t, with all the avantages of a climate ])ccu- 
liarly adapt /d to the health of my race, — yet I 
have seen that they have I'cniained a mass of moral 
degi'adation and stolid ignoiance, sinking lower 
and lower in the scale of intelligence and civiliza- 
tion, until, upon its scuithern half (stretcliir.:,- 
from the Lquat(>r to the Cape of Good lIo|n all 
knowlege of God, of immortality, of mh. of right 
and wiong, of heaven and hell, which oi iginally 
they must have brought with them, is entii ely 
lost; and instead of settled homes to raise their 
children, and an organized system to supply their 
W'ants and protect thvii- lives, they have become, 
.by day, homeless, roving vagabonds, picking up 
sometliing as chance may I'avoi , to sup))oi t life; 
and brutes by night, piled up like hogs, in holes 
they scratch in the sand, to rest thi ir naked 
bodies. Wliile its northern half, stretching fiom 
the Equator to the Mediteranean, with slight ex- 
ceptions, is one great grave yard, enclosing un- 
numbered millions of the dead of my race, who 
have been sacriliced by war and famine for the 
{uivilege of making slaves Of their brothers and 
sisters, and their own children,— without the slight 
est advance in civilization. 

I have Icai'ned also from the Christian's Bible 
that the Bi nx V( ho made this world, once de- 
stioyed by a Hood of water, all its inhabitants for 
their wickedness, except one man named Xoah, 
and his three sons, Shem, Ham, and .lapheth, and 
their wives. Ham my father was a compound of 
beastly wickedness. I learned from this Book 



following compensation : If you will allow me that these three sons were types of nations, that 

to control you and your post 'rity, I will give you were to spring from them to repeople the earth. 

in return what will be worth more to you and to The descendants of Shem were to be distiuguish- 

them, than your freedom and the avails of your ed for the blessed God tliej worshipped, whose 

labor. I will guarantee to you and to them, from character and peifections it was their mission to 



the cradle until death, the beuetit of all the en 
dowTBents ,)f the V hiti race, in the following par- 
ticulars: Fiist, an unceasing watchcare shall be 
given to your persons; second, the best medical 
skill shall be furnished you when sick; third, the 



make known to all others ; and that the descend- 
dants of Ham, my father, were made their ser- 
vants. The descendants of Japheth, were distin- 
guisl, ei for a progressive intelligence, and a conn- 
manding influence upon the destinies of the world. 



l)est surroundings of sympathy and kindness shall These qualities were to, give them dominion in 

the tents of Shem, and the descendants of Ham 
were made their servants. And this I'uture eleva- 
tion of Japheth to the dominion of the world, was 
to harmonize with supreme reverence foi- that 
God, whom they had been brought to know by 
dwelling in the tents of ■ hem, whose God was the 
eternal^ All, and not dumb idols. 

The descendants of Ham, the beastly and de- 
graded s(m of .Noah, were subjected to a degraded 
servitude to Shem and .Jaiiheth. 

After this I learni d thtit slavery was spread 
over the whole globe, embracing the descendants of 
Shem, Ham and JaphHh. I learned also, that 
subsequently, freedom was extended in ni:iny na- 
tions to the descendants of Sh.'m and Ja:)l)''th, 
and last of all, to some of the descendants ot 
Haoi, my fath.-r. I was astonished at the n ,-ult. 



be secured to you when aHlicted; fourth, good 
homes and houses secured to you for lile; fifth, 
good and suitable clothing shall be furnished vou 
to put on; sixth, you s^all have a bountiful 
supply of lood at all times to eat; seventh, you 
shall D.' protected irom insult and injury; eighth, 
you shall be relieved from all anxious care; ninth, 
you shall be shielded from the perils of war, and 
the bui dens oi government; tenth, you shall be 
furnished w ith gospel instruction; eleventh, you 
shall enjo_\ the benehts and blessings of the best 
school in the world, that of domestic association 
for life with a superior order of honoiable and cul- 
tivated men ai.d women. By their example, and 
thai sup rior intellects, you will l?arn lessons of 
more real value to 3 ou than all the books ami 
school masters on the globe could ever teach you. 



The tmancipated descendants Of Shem and Ja- 
pheth, invariably made progress, a.nd reached 
hifijher attainments in freedom. Aly race, invari- 
ably retrograded from the position they bad 
reached under the enlightened control of Shem, 
bi' Japheth. The invariable tendency Of freedom 
was to sink tliem to the level of their original 
degradation. • ' . ; 

No\y, 1 ^vill not mftke A decision for this young 
African, on the continentof Africa— but I will say, 
that all enlightened manhood, which thinks it un- 
just and Sinful to subject such helpless and hope- 
less moral and social' degradation, to intelligent 
arid human control, ancT to invest it with the 
social and religious advantages of the slavery of 
this Union — dishonors the human understanding, 
the best instincts of our nature, and is utterh- un- 
, fit to take charge of a nation's welfare. 

The pictui'e drawn expresses sober historical 
truth With respect to Ham's sons when invested 
with freedom on the one hand, and American 
bondage on the other. Exceptions niay be found 
to the genei-al i-ule of good treatment to the slave 
'in the United .States:— so they may in all the rela- 
tions existing among men. Tile , rehxtion of hus- 
band and wife should secure kindness to the wife; 
yet the per cent, of husbands, where .slavery does 
not exist, who abuse their authority and neglect 
their' duty to their wives, I set down from all the 
information I can get, asgreater than the per cent, 
of masters at the tSoutli who abuse their authori- 
ty and neglect their duty to their slaves. The 
per cent, of fathers, within the range of exclu- 
sive freedom, who abuse their authority over their 
children, or who use it without regard to the 
object for which it was given of God, I set down, 
from all the data I can command, as greater than 
the per cent, of Southern masters, who do the 
game thing to their slaves. The per cent, of free 
white families at the north, for whose comfort there 
is not a regular and proper provision made 
by their domestic heads, is greater than the num- 
ber of slave families, whose southern masters have 
failed to make such a provision for them. The per 
. cent of white families, for whose condition in infan- 
cy, sickness, and old age, there is not suitable medi- 
cal aid and sympathetic attention provided by their 
domestic head, is perhaps, many thousand" times 
■greater at the North, than the per cent of slave 
families who are unprovided by their southern 
masters with these indispensable blessings. Among 
four millions of slaves at the south there is not one 
pauper, although one-fourth of their lives they are 
helpless, either from the weakness of infancy, or 
the infirmities of old age. At the north, every sev- 
enth family is without a home, and in the cities, 
one-fifth of the persons must receive help or perish; 
while four millions of slaves at the south have good 
homes, and three plentiful meals of good food pro- 
vided for them, by their masters, every day — with 
comfortable clothing, and an unlimited supply of 
fuel lor fires, in winter. Such a provision as "this, 
has never been secured to any equal number of 
free laborers on the globe. It"is perfectly horri- 
fying to a Southern slave owner, to read the statis- 
tics of poverty, vice, and suffering, whore monev 
is the master of labor. The skill and industry of 
: the white race in general, justly entitle them 
to a comfortable provision for life— but, within 
the boundaries of exclusive freedom, cupidity, 
; and the power of money, withhold it as soon as 
the suppjy ot free labor exceeds the demands of 
capital. That state of things often happens 
.with slave labor and capital at the South; but 
then, the slave's wages are not diminished: nei- 
ther is ho dismissed to perish of want, or to sell 
himself to work wickedness. 

Slavery, or control by the will of ^mother, in 
.some form, and to the extent which varying cir- 
cumstances make proper, is now, and has been in 
all ages, an indispensable necessity. Too large a 



measure or too great an abridgment of liberty is 
equally fatal to the welfare of a people and to the 
happiness of individuals. The elementary princi- 
ple which should control a wise settlement of the 
proper amount of freedom to classes or individu- 
als, under any form of government, whether fami- 
ly, state, or federal, is best learned in j-earing and 
governing a I'an.ily. Here experience becomes the 
basis of theory ; and not theory the buisis of prac- 
tice. Here we learn that of the white race, in the 
highest forms of civilization, about seven eighths of 
the number to be governed, are subjected without 
their consent in any form, to the conti'ol and gov- 
ernment of about one eighth of the individuals 
who make up the families or states. One half 
being females, are so subjected for life: and three 
fourths of the other half, being minors, aie so 
subjected for a tei'm of years. The remaining 
fourth, are all that can be said, in any sense of the 
word, to be governed by their own wills — and, 
when formed into states, they are slaves, or what 
is the Same the same thing, are subjected to the 
control of their own state law, and are as liable to 
its burdens and penalties as anj^ other class of 
persons. The reason and the propriety of ensla- 
ving or controlling this large majority by this 
small minority, are so obvious, that no government 
within the pale of christian civilization has ever 
been constructed without being controled by the 
reason which makes it proper. What is that rea- 
son ? It is, that the portion thus excluded from 
the governing power, are not qualified t3 exercise 
this power, with safety to themselves or others. — 
In that disqualijication, the propriety is found oi 
withholding this power from them ; and of subjec- 
ting them to the control of those who are qualified 
to govern. In this state of facts — disclosed by the 
experience of all ages — originate all the varying 
forms of involuntary servitude found among men. 
The principles of righteousness lend their full sanc- 
tion to the control which subordinates individual 
freedom to the general good — and accords to in- 
dividuals, only the amount they can use as a good. 
By this standard of measuring the right and the 
wrongofslavei'y— of freedom, and of government — 
African slavery in the United States ought to be 
tested. Whenever it is so tested, it will be found 
to be right for the white race — just and humane 
for the black race — -expedient and proper for both 
races — and in accordance with the highest respon- 
sibilities of christian freemen. 

$0 far as the capacity of the African has yet 
been developed, we have no reason to believe they 
can retain the blessings of civilization and the 
gospel which we have given them, when our con- 
trol and protection are withdrawn. The evidence 
which sustains this conclusion, stares the civilized 
world in the face, like the sun in the heavens. 

On this continent, at an early stage of our his- 
tory, well meant efforts were permitted in the 
providence of God ; the object of which was, to 
bless Ham's race by releasing them from our con- 
trol, and giving them freedom. These efiorts 
have gone on among well meaning men for more 
than two centuries. For the whole of this time, 
facts have been accumulating which prove their 
freedom to he a curse; both to them and the white 
race. Still, additional aids, suggested by benevo- 
lence, have been resorted to by good men in the 
slave States, to make the experiment successful, 
until the demonstration seems complete ; that 
freedom to them is a curse on this continent, and 
every where else on the globe. These untiring ef- 
forts on the part of benevolent individuals, have 
been in silent progress in the slave States — and are 
but little known by tliose at a distance. Their 
voice is the voice of God. He thus jjroclaims to 
us, that in these efforts, me are xcarring against His 
fixed plan. Misguided philanthrophy however, 
still found excuses for the failure. That failure, it- 
was thought, would not have taken place upon a 



fair field for the experiment. To meet this be- 
witching blindness of benevolent slaveholders at 
the South, God in Ilia providence has tolerated 
the selection of three different theatres, more favo- 
rably situated, upon which to make the experiment 
on a large scale. Two of them, ho surrounded 



highest order of minds — the purest philanthropy 
— the most disintcrc-ilod patrioti-im, and the most 
8clf-aacrificin!» bencvcilence— smifjht to do good to 
tJiis race of [jeople, ami to oiij,niiate and put ia 
operation a practical i)lan for elevating them to 
the bles.sing.i of a higher civilization, and a moro 



with the'orerflowings of sympathy, aid, and conn- enlarged freedom, or self control. For aecomplisb- 
' ' ■' " " ■ '■ ' '' — -XT..!-- jug their desires, these great men, so distinguished 

in the world's history for disinterested goodneea, 
met in the city of Washington in IHI*! — and after 
mature deliberation, adopted a plan for carrying 
out their wishes by the agenov of an organization 
which they called "The American Colonization Ho- 
ciety." 'I'heir purpose was, to aid free persons of 
color to settle a colony or colonies in Africa. In 
pursuance of this plan, they raised by voluntary 
contribution a sullicient fund — employed suitable 
agents to explore the coast — and finally purchased 
of the natives on that continent, a territory large 
enough for the settlement of every negro, free and 
bond, in the United States. 

To this well selected home — rich in soil — salu- 
brious in climate — and highly adapted to com-' 
nierce — they commenced transporting such of 
Ham's descendants in the United States as were 
most advanced in civilization— public spirit — and 
intelligence. 

So great was the desire of Southern philanthro- 
pists to succeed in this experiment, that through 
their influence, indirect aid was obtained from 
the federii,! government, to sustain the infant colo- 
ny against the hostile natives. Places of defence 
wuie built by the aid of our sailors— and the pres- 
ence of our war ships afforded security against 
aggression., . ; ■ . 

'The passage of the emigrants to th^ir new home 
— six mofitlw provision when they arrived tfaere^^ 
lands surveyed and ready for settlement — hospitals 
fpr the sick — and medical aid for their assistance 
— were all thoughtfully arranged and secured to 
them by these noble hearted men. But the above 
catalogue of bounty, falls far short of the whole- 
souled benevolence and forethought which charac- 
terized their efforts. The Society and its influence 
secured for the colonists, all kinds of tools to culti- 
vate their fields, carts and wagons for the use of 
their farms, steam mills to saw their lumber, to 
jrrind their grain, and to manufacture their cane 



ael, by three of the most powerful nations of the 
earth. 

In Jamaica, one liundred millions of dollars was 
paid to the owners of Ham's descendants in that 
island by the English government, to release from 
bondage a set of well fed laborers — who were sup- 
plying their own wants, rendering a remnnerating 
income to their owners, and a needful sujiply of trop- 
ical productions fcu" the wants of the mother coun- 
try. Here, the experiment was thoucrhtfiilly made, 
and surrounded by a wise forecast, tliat seemed to 
bid defiance to failure. The land was owned by the 
white race — their farms were all in good order — 
on these farms, there was a supply of good houses 
— in these houses, the slaves had lived and reared 
their families — these farms were supplied with the 
tools and machinery necessary for their successful 
cultivation — and to the use of these tools and this 
machinery, the slaves had been accustomed since 
childhood. These farms — the houses on them — 
the tools and machinery — with the supervision of 
the owner — was the capital which England said, 
and believed, was to be rendered more valuable 
by free, than by slave labor. On every farm, the 
needed supply of labor was to be found. A moral 
guarantee was given to the laborer, that capital 
should not oppress him; because the demand of 
cauital for labor, should always be kept greater 
in that island than the supply. Of cimrse, capital 
would be compelled to give the highest price for 
labor which a small return of profit would allow. 

What has been the result of this well arranged 
experiment, to give freedom to this race of people? 
Homes were ready for every one of them — homes 
too in which they were raised-r-the highest price 
for labor awaited every one of them who would 
work — a powerful and sympathetic government 
threw her shield around them — the avails of their 
labor were secured to them — with assurance doub- 
ly sure that merit should have everything accor- 
aed to it which justice could demand. I ask again 



what has been the result of this well arranged and into sugar and molasses, draft animals to plough 

costty experiment, to give freedom to Ham's de- their land, arms to defend their persons by land, 

scendants? The result is, according to reports and ships for their commerce by sea. 

made to the English parliament (oy abolition They provided for them a government free of 

members sent in mtterent years from their own charge, and secured for them, either directly or 

body, to make a strict personal examination) that indirectly — school houses and teachers tor thdr 



the export of sugar hi a short time, had fallen off 
from upwards of six liundred millions, to two thou- 
sand pounds — and very soon after, to nothing — and 
that every other product of labor had shared the 
same fate. That the farmshad grown over in bush- 
es — that the ditches were tilled up — that the roads 
were impassable — ttiat the machinery was rusting 
and rotting unused — that the houses were surroun- 
ded with brushwood and trees which nearly con- 
cealed them — that thousands of negroes were hov- 
ering around the towns on the coast in destitution 
and starvation — whose existence was a mystery, 
as none could account for it — that others had re- 
treatTnl from civilization .and the reach of law to 
the mountains, where they were living in savage 
and beastly degiadation on roots and herbs — and 
that no price would secure labor. That the value 
of real estate was reduced according to an assess- 
ment, twelve millions in a very short time — in 



children— churches in which to worship God — Bi- 
bles and preachers to teach them the way to hea- 
ven — books tilled witli instruction on all suitable 
subjects — printing papers to diffuse knowledge — 
clothing for their bodies — and affectionate ana en- 
lightened counsel for their minds. Thousanda of 
hearts, in all parts of our country ascended to God 
for their success — and followed them to their new 
homes, in every form of benevolence. Our Gov- 
ernmenthas indirectly secured them against hostili- 
ty and violence, at an expense, if fairly estimated, 
that would reach many millions of dollars. Every 
motiye was quickened into activity which could be 
awakened in their hearts, for the regeneration of 
Africa, and their OVyn progress in christian civili- 
zation. ' 

Could a better theatre havebeen selected — could 
better materials have been secured to occupy it — 
could wiser and better counsellors have been seleo- 



short, that the island, and the negroes were ruined ted on the globe, to guide their infant movementa 



■unless efficient control in some form was reassumed 
by their well meaning but misguided benefactors. 

The second experiment, to which allusion has 
been made, is the one in Africa. The best materi- 
als to be found among the free negroes of the 
United States w-ere selected for this experiment. 

Long and anxiously in our country had the 



in the mission of self improvement, and Africaa 
redemption ? 

The noblest branch of Japheth's descendants — 
who had been so long accustomed to progress on 
this continent, were slow to doubt the success of 
this experiment, and could nt patiently and wise- 
ly weigh the evidence time began to furnish, that 



10 

its -uccess was doubtful. Whether by desis-n or One of the ordinances of God is, that man shall 

not, di.-C(aii aging facts were withheld from 1 hi- pub- cat b ead in tho swat pf his face, that is, that he 

he, ;ind fliitt-jiing pictures of success woi'S given to shall by labor, co'itribute his shaie to the coniipon 

thi! wi'rld. ■ stock of supnlv for human wants. Christ has or- 

Our country was wade familiar by' the ^ press, daincd that in his kingdom, no man shaJl eaf un- 

witb comparisons botwe-n this, and other coloni- less he woik. We have sent Ham's descendants to 

zi.ig expcrimenta, with a large balance in favor of Afj ica to raise and srovern families, and to assume 

L.bjrii. Yet in Wi?,. more than twenty years the higher responsibilities of organizing and gov- 

atter tho-i'ttleuient of the colony, their statistics erning states. Fiom the best authenticated tkcts 

showed that the a ve";ig-' quantity at' land cuUiva- wo can gain, we are obliged to believe they are not - 

tud in this agiicuitiual colony (including town cjualilied to do either, because they will iipt per- 

lots) was about onij third of an aero per head— form voluntary labor. Among Ham's race in free- 

and that not asingle draft animal— plow, wagon, dom, here and elsewhere, there are but a few indi-' 

t, was used at that time for any pixrpose — viduals who are willing to labor continuouslv for 



the support of a family. No people can multiply 
and raise families, unless they have homes, and are 
well f'd. In the Northern States, in Jamaica, and 
in Liberia, the deaths, among the free blacks, 
steadily exceed the births. The slaves at the South 



that no lariiiing tool was used, except a bill-hook 
and hoe. That the machinery sent them to saw 
their lumber — grind their giain, and nianufactuie 
their cane into sugai' and molasses, and the tools 
si.'nt them to cultivate their lands, were then rus- 
ting and rotWng unused. The colonists have at all multiply faster than the white r&ce at the North. 
times aliirnud that thesoil was exceedingly produc- On the field of experiment there is another that 
tire, yet their custom-house, at that time, I'epor- deserves our notice. In Hayti, the slaves were 
ted not a single article exported f; om Liberia, emancipated by the assembly of France in 1793. — 
whicii was pioauced by the laboi' of the colonists. In the same year they slaughtered the white race, 
The articles for which their soil was peculiarly and appi-opriated to themselves the invested wealth 
adapted, such as tobacco, breadstuffs, cotton, cof- of the island. This island had been in a most pros- 
fee, suoar, molasses, potatoes &c., were imported perous condition before that event. Its exported 
from aoroad: and so was their meat. All these ar- productions had been immense. From that time 
tides commanded high prices in their own ma; ket, its productions declined, and from the address of 
prices, which ought lo have indued their cultiva- their President last year, they have reached the 
tion by any human b.ing willing to labor. lowest level of laziness, and poverty, are in a very 

After they had been adding, to the outfit which degiaded condition, as much, or more so than the 
they carried with them, the avails of their own original inhabitants m ben the island was discovered 
labor, and all that ha "iven them by their by Columbus in 1492. 

benefactors for more .„-.. ...eiity ycais, the'assess- " I have said, the evidence which proves the unfit- 
ed value of their agricultural wealth was five dol- ness of the African for freedom, stares us in the 
lars and a few cents pei' head During the whole face as the sun in the heavens, that it amounts to a 
of this time, their government had cost them noth- demonstration. That evidence lias been passed in 
ixtg. and our navy had given them peace and so- review before my reader. It consists first, in the 
cu'ity. experiment at the South, of giving freedom' to 

Statements however were in conflict, and its the most promising of the race. We of the South 
f. iends from time to time, sought for information kno^v, that it has pioved a curse to them. It has 
that certainly could be relied on. 1'he last accred- involved them in a little more than ten times the 
it.d agent was Mr. Cowen fioni the Kentucky Col- amount of crime, and a measure of poverty desh 
oni/.ation Society, who in 1858, alter a sojourn of tructive of .ill comfort. An unwillingness to" labor 
Seven wecKS, macie a report. This i-eport, witn is almost universal among tnem. 
respect to agriculture, present* about thesauestate Th ■ North emancipated that portion of the rao* 
of facts as tnose oi 1843. Ttie colonists have alwa_) a thev held in bondage. Prom the same unwilling- 
affirmed that the climate was healthy, yet with a ness to labor they are too poor to raise families, are 
rich soil to give them food, and a healthy climate to diminishing in numbers, and are degraded by an 
prolong their lives, and forty years to multiply amount of crime which exceeds more than twelTe 
their race, they are now about one fifth less in times that of the white race, 
number than the original emigrants. In Jamaica, no wages can overcome their unwil- 

The general view I have taken of Jamaica and lin^ness to perform labor. 
Liberia is derived from sources that are entitled to In Liberia, where they have been literally held 
the highest xiredit, but my information has been up by kindness and counsel, and stimulated by the 
obtained from difl'erent sources and at difl'e/'ent prospect of regenerating Africa, we see the same 
times, and was not carefully preserved, supposing incurable disease. 

it could be obtained again at pleasure from histori- In Hayti, we see them sharftig all the,evils which 
cal records, and in chionologital order, but in this flow from self control, and an unwillingness to lar 
I was mistaken. There is nothing however, in bor, while we see the slaves at the South under the 
point oi' fact, from any quaiter, tending to a differ- control of the white race, contented and well pro- 
ent Conclusion, from that at which I have ariived; vided for, increasing in numbers, and improving in 
that is, that this race of people have never as yet, morals and intelligence. 

proved themselves capable under any circumstan- What I have written thus far was intended to 
ces- of retaining in freedom, what slavery gives disabuse men's minas as U^ the origin of eovern- 
th ni; or of making progiesaive improvement, un- ment, as to its "resting on the consent of the 
less they arc subjected more or less, to the control governed," — as to b ing ''born free and equal", as 
of the white race. For more than three vears, I to what constitutes slavery, as to what constitutes 
have been trying to get statistical and histotical freedom, as to the rule by which freedom or self 
facts, concerning these experiments on foreign control is to be meted out, as to the propriety, in 
fields. But the libiajy of Congress, the propiie- civilized life, of subjecting seven eighths of the hu- 
tors of bciok stores, and some of the best inoinud man family to the control of one eighth, as to the 
■of oui- public men could give me no aid. This is a justice of according freedom to the white race at a 
fiiiggi stive fiact. "He that doeth tiuth, comelh to <;iven age and withholding it from Africans for 
the light," says Chi ist. Here are expe: iinents that life, as to the evidence furnished that they are an in- 
have be.n in progress for more than foity yeais, feiior race, and unfit forsocial and political freedom, 
one of them by the most enlightened government In my ni'xt, slay(ry will be tested by the Bible, 
in th" wo Id, the other, by manv of the most en- as a qu"'stion of moia'ls, and a divinely appointed 
li;.'htencd individuals in the Unit: H States, tnat are ciemJnt in the social and religious progrestj oi lae 
a;:iiO£t eve;-' a .:■ ^'.Ifnef*. Why is this? world. 



11 



CUAPTER n. _ ^'''^1^ "'• \t,ny hkv for liiinsclf that this mistake Las 

Te«fI,iH<,, o/ih^ mUi.— J'he uodd '''J]^fi;^yt"J^ Wliiii I.ut. wai tak.ii \,umwY, Gen. XIV : Vi, 

tcr thcj/oud i-y ilircv <it^(llK•£ mcco— J 'ty't ^ Abraliom oWln'^l llncc hujiUi..a and riphtcm kliivcs 
mim—Uiic oj tiie^c ^„p^^ that Woro bum in hU I.<.ii«i-, old . nou^lj to h-.v 
iii'n).«. I"'i(ini lliis liiUa, uccordin}) In lh«.- u^unl cal- 
culation. Ilia tiitiic clavo I'auiilv at tliis tifcio, must 
liavo been upwanlM ol lillccn hundred. .Soon atier 



all (Uictnd J lijiH one' - , . 

dtvoxdio ^Mvenj—Thv othu- two, or^amed by 
the Aimiijhtjf , to be (,'*<-»'• . >'ia>ilcn~Domeiitic 
ilacei-y .-■•.iiuiioiitd of O'o"^ '" '/'<^ /iuniheit of 
the I"utiiuichs.—A , riui.^Wrt^ iluve i-Huru- 
ed tu the owner by v, upevuU ntisociiffer fi'om 
HKUven. — A riatioit of the dwotcd J«cc, uko 
ucrv. free, ouiaved by the Alini(jhty.'—A nutioii 
of the free race, who were doi /lextir ultfeholdern, 
libera. ed by the Auniyhty, fi^om bondnije to the 
devoted nice — A xUtve code. e)ia<-(crf by the Al- 
mlijhty. — Slucc markets de jiiynatcd by Him for 
the purchase of slave. — T he devotcdrace divided 
■into iiatioiia — iSeveii of th ^g^. nationx devotfd to ut- 
ter de^itruetioii. — The b aianee of them to ulavery. 
— Divine authority, t/ ,«( Klavery is in harmony 
with the moral preeo^t, which reqnires us "to lovt 
our neiyhbor an our ftclf.'' — The ej:teiit, and char- 
acter of siatery I jhen Clirisl came. — All govern- 
incuts at that t'' ,,ng mnctioned slavery. — What 
Christ iiiper>,o'^ (/(V/^ ,(^1 fatufht his disciples to 
do, in referen ^g to yovernmenty: 

Having, in. x\^q preceding chapter, attempted to 
allow that aiavrn-v is nothing more, nor less, than 
coutiol '^Y the will of anothoi — and that that this 
conti ^1 jg jjy indispensable necessity tVoin our biith 
«"'.ilour physical, uioiai,and intellectual laculties 
'%re suliicicutiy develojiert Jor the responsibilities of 
social and po'litical liu-— and that this developc- 
nicut is generally reached bv the white race in 
jibout tweiitv-one years, and t"liat it ha,-i never as yet 
been reachecl by tlie black race at any age, either 
ou this continent or any ^vhere else, of which we 
have knowledge: and having as-igned that as a 
true, proper, and suilieient reason for holding thaiii 
under the control of the white race, both as a good 
to that lace and themselves, — 1 will now proceed to 
exauiini! slavery by the Bible, as a question of mo- 
rals. It will be of service to tho^e who lever- 
ence the Bible, but who do not know what it 
teaches, or where to look for its teachings on the 
subject of slavery, to serve up a portion ol'thyniun 
that subject, and refer to the books, chapter and 
Turses, w heic tb-jy miy bo found. 

In Uoi>, Ix : 2.5, 20, "'.i7, you will find that soon 
«^ter the Hood, Ham's descendants were doomed b}- 
the Almighty to a state of sla^'ery, and that the 
desceudauts of Shein and Japhtthj by uie saiue de- 
cree, were ordained to be their masters, iioui 
Ham descended tifteen nations that settled between 
theEuph.ates and the Meditenanean. Seven ot 
these nations were devoted to utter destiuction, 
jiua tueu- land given to Abianam's seed, rtce 
I>eut. AX: l(i, 17, and Deut. Vli: 1, 2, The re- 
Biaiuiug eigut nations were to pe subjected by 
Abraiicim'sseed toii'Uio««i ooudo'je. See i)eut. XI : 
'Zi, an'i XX: 10, 11. If they would not submit to 
national bondage, wlieii summoned, Ih'.nx the luaies 
were all to be d.'stroyed, anu the t'emales subjected 
to Uome-ctic bondatj'c. :-;ee Diut. XX: 12 to 1«. 
\Viieii these eighi uatioiis weie suojucteu oy AOia- 
haui's aetd to wHonul b: adaije their authority over 
th^<m was mit to »top at ponticul sub'.tctioii; uiey 
Wcxt to expurgate tUese nations ol idolatry tor tue 
true wo» ship of Abraham's God. Utut. XII: 1, 
2,3. 

Abraham is the first domestic slaveholder men- 
tioued iu the Bible, and he is constantly held up to 
Tiew as tue most distiuguislied man for piety in the 
patriaichal age. Thcie is a mistake tiequently 
Blade bv readers of the Bible, in supposing ibe fcci- 
Tanto of the pacriaicus, ana ttiose servants instiuc- 
tj«l by the Ape»tles, in the New Testament, to bo 
Vliwu imvauts. and not hereaitarv glared. 1 atk 
iu» reader to crili'.iie the onotatuins as the-^ a">? 



this, Abiaham was diiven by a i'ainiue into Ku'ypt, 
when the items of his pi inciiiul wealth are given M. 
Gen. XH : If), Ki. In this catalogue his slaves f-Hiu 
a conspicuous part us items ol projieity. Soon .if- 
ter this, in a neighboring kingdom, Abiaham re- 
ceived a large present from the reigning jovei-eign 
of the country. Among the Talualile items of 
property which make up this gift, slaves agiiiu 
form a conspicuous part. See Gi n. XX : 14, 15. IC. 
In default of children, Sarah, his wife, prevailed 
ou him to mairy her slave maid Magai-, an Kgyr>" 
tian woman who was given to Surah by I'haiuoh 
King of Eypt. To marry slave wives, and to hiive 
a plurality of wiyes, were both lawful under the 
law of tlie patriarchs. They were both made 
lawful four hundred years after by the law ot" 
Moses. This shive woman Hnna-- i;in away, bc- 
c.iuse of roi::;li i. e.iciiK'iit lo \\iiieh -lie was subjec- 
ted by her mistress, on account of her insolence. — 
In the w ilderness she was met by an Angel of (iod 
and ordered back, with positive diiections to sv.b- 
mit herself under her mistress's hands. See Giii. 
XVI : 1 to 9. The conduct of God's messengcT- to 
this down-trodden female, as our Northern breth- 
ren would call her, ditt'ers very mucli from tlnitr 
conduct at the present time, lliat messenger ir- 
dered tile fugitive slave back to her owner— the 
Abolitionist refuses to deliver them up. 

In Gen. XVH : a covenant is mentioned. In 
this covenant God gave to Abr: 'lam's seed citizen- 
ship and the land o/ Canaan, 'ibis covenant sr cu- 
red both to Abraham's male i)osterity througli 
Isaac, Jacob, and twelve of Jacob's sons, ex,; 
eluding from citizenship and the soil, IslunaeJ, 
Abialiam's first born son, and Esau, Isaac's first 
born son, and all others forever. Not one foot 
of this land could be alienated. It was entailed in 
perpetuity on Abraham's male descendants through 
the above line, and with it political respon^ibihty 
and power. Political power and the soil wery 
oiven exclusively to them. Abiaham's othoi' 
children and slaves were bound by cii curacision to 
acknowledge and yvorship Abraham's God. C'ir- 
cduicision gave religious privileges, but notnatioa- 
al identity, or political power. Abraham was 
bound to impose circumcision on his children and 
slayes. Ilencc Abraham circumcised, not only 
Isliniaol his son, but himself and all his slaves that 
were born in his h^use, or that wet; rjougiit \vitk 
his UJoiiHy o. any stranger. See Gen. XYII : 'l^ to 
2(i. Question: 'Could our noi them brethren hold 
fellowship with this old slaveholder if he were to 
appear among them ? ' ■ ■ e 

Th= ntxt view which the scriptures furni.^h us of 
this distinguished slavi hoicier, and '.avoiite of th« 
Almigl.tv, is the occasion he improves ofg'jttiug a 
wife lor his siui Isaac. Isaac had beer, aesignaied 
by the Almighty as tho piogenitor of the Mestiah — 
iji w'":t. an t'ne nations oi the earth were to be 
blessed. See Gen. XXI : 12, and XXII : 1 to l!?. 

Aoiaiiaii. "Jtrusted this mission ol getting a wife 
for Isaac, to the most aistiiigui.-h';d si'rvant he had. 
At an eai lier period of Abi ahaiu's lite, ano oelvre 
he had a child, he thought of making this servant, 
on account ot his high qualities and sterling irneg- 
rity, the heir ot his wnoie estate. He now -■. ids 
him on this delicate ana important mission, under 
suecial instruction. H'> requiies hiu. to taiie a 
iolemn oath to follow his directions to the very 
letter. He put* him in possession of all the means 
Kc, .;Tas to nse t<) insure suceew; jewels t:,at ».ei » 
bea«*if"'.t". ano ».'"?♦."' '•>" *'^" 'a-y, jpi*:' "•-■ r>:>»ceiL'.s 



12 



which he intended to give his son at his death. — 
This estate the servant enumerated to the lady's 
family in the following words : " I am Abraham's 
eervant, and the Lord hath blessed my master 
s;reatly, and he is become great ; and he hath given 
Lim flocks and lierds, and silver and gold, and men 
servants, and maid servants, and camels, and asses. 
And iSarah, mv master's wife, bare a son to my 
majiter when slie wa.s old : and unto him hath he 
given all he hath." See Gen. XXIV : 34, 35, 30. 

After this marriage of Isaac was consummated, 
Abraham married again, and had six sons by Ke- 
turah, besides his first born son Ishmael by Ilagar. 
Before his death, he sent those seven sous out of 
the country which God had given his posterity 
through Isaac. To these sons he made presents 
when tie sent them away. But true to the message 
lie sent by his servant to get a wife for Isaac, lie 
gave to Isaac all that ho had, and this included the 
land of Canaan which God had given him by pro- 
mise. Gen. XXV : 5. To his other sons he' gave 
gifts and sent them away from Isaac, his son (while 
he yet lived) eastward, out of the promised land, 
unto the east country, and died in a good old age. 
Gen. XXV : C, 7, 8. 

Question : Can holding men and women in bond- 
age, giving them to our children when we die, and 
sliaring the honor thej' in part give us in the sight 
of God and men while we live, be sinfnl ? that is, 
If the word of God was written to teach us what sin 
is. 

Soon after Abraham's death, his son Isaac made 
a verv distinguished tigure upon the stage of the 
worla. The nistorical notice given of him is, that 
he was "a prosperous man"— "reaping an hundred 
fold" from the lands he cultivated. That he "wax- 
ed great"— "went forward" — "and grew until he 
became very great — for he had possession of flocks 
— and great store of servants." The next account 
we have of him is, that the citizens of the govern- 
ment under which he was living, envied him ex- 
ceedingly. Why, says fanaticism, a tvrant who 
lives upon the sweat and blood of his t'ellow man 
ought to be_ abhorred of God, and should be hated 
of men. Well, let us see how he stands with Abra- 
ham's God. He was then living in the kingdom of 
Gerar. The envy of his neighbors, who were citi- 
zens of this kingdom. made his homeso disagreeable, 
that he removed thence and went to Beersheeba, 
grieved in heart that a people to whom he had done 
no harm, should invade his home, endanger his 
life, and the lives of his servants — violently wrest 
his property from him, and render it unsafe for him 
to dwell among them. See Gen. XXVI : 12 to 23. 
But the Lord appeared to him the same night, after 
these painful demonstrations of unconquerable en- 
vy and hatred had caused him to separate him- 
self from this people, and said to him, "lam the 
God of Abraham thy father; fear not" the malig- 
nity and lawlessness of these men, "for I am witli 
thee, and will bless thee, and multiply thy seed." 
Gen. XXVI : 23 24, 25. 

The lawlessness and malignity of these people 
were enough to awaken the fears of this princely 
slaveholder. We are living under analogous cir- 
cumstances. While we may not have for our com- 
fort the direct assurance of" this great slaveholder, 
tliat God will be with us, and bless us — yet through 
patience and comfort of the scriptures, we may 
have hope that he will. 

Isaac had two sons, who were twins. He was 
led by a prophetic impulse to make a public trans- 
fer of the blessings of the Abrahamic covenant to 
one ()f these sons before his death. Under the in- 
fiuence of partial feelings, and common usage, he 
was about to transfer these blessings to Esau. But 
means were used by which they were unintention- 
ally, on his part, transferred to Jacob. Isaac was 
dnly assured by iDivine impulse, after the deed was 
<]one, that it was God's will that Jacob should liave 
IMe- inheritance; and under prophetic inspiration 



he said to Jacob, "Let people serve thee, and na- 
tions bow down to thee : be lord over thy brethren, 
and let thy mother's sons bow down to thee : 
cursed be every one that curseth thee, and blessed 
be every one that blesseth thee." Gen. XXVII. 

Jacob's subsequent history showshim to have been 
one of the greatest slaveholders of the age. If my 
views were those of an abolitionist, I should be 
obliged to hate the God of Jacob, and instead of 
saying as God did, "Cursed be every that curseth 
ihcc," my abolition views would compel me to say, 
"Cursed be every one that hle»neth thee." 

Soon after this transacti(m of blessing Jacob, 
Isaac, his father, called Jacob to him — gave him a 
chaige to take a wife from a God-fearing family, 
and not from an idolatrous jieople — and then sent 
him away with this inspired benediction — "God 
Almighty bless thee, and multiply thee; and give 
the blessings of Abraham; to thee, and to thy 
seed with thee, that thou mayest inherit the land 
wherein thou art a strana:er,"which God gave to 
Abraham." Gen. XXVIII: l,to4. 

Jacob thus charged, and thus blessed by his in- 
spired lather, went to Padan Aram— married — and 
lived there twenty years. The night after he left 
his father's house to go to Padan Aram, God ap- 
peared to him and gave him this assurance: "I am 
the Lord God of Abraham thy Father, and the 
God of Isaac; the laml whereon thou liest, to thee 
will I give it, and to thy seed," (^ now mark the cau- 
tion used here, and in every other place to desig- 
nate the heirs of the land of Canaan: they must be 
Abraliam's male descendants through Jacob) "and 
thy seed shall bo as the dust of the earth; and thou 
shalt spread abroad to the West, and to the East, 
and to the North, and to the South: and in thee, 
and ill thy need, sli.all all the nations of the earth be 
blessed." Gen. XXVIII: 13, 14, 15. 

*When Jacob, twenty years after this, was thinking 
of leaving Padan Aram, where he had been badly 
treated by his father-in-law, this is the account we 
have of him — "The man increased exceedingly, and 
had much cattle, and maid servants and men servants 
and camels and asses." Gen. XXX: 43. This proper- 
ty in slaves which he accumulated in Padan Aram, 
and that which he inherited from his father soon 
after, made him a princely slaveholder, as his fath- 
ers had been. In all these catalogues of property 
ov.-ned by Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, servants 
occupy the place of chattels. Thev were bought 
with their money-*-they were called "their mo- 
ney" — they were, raised in their families, and were 
passed as an inheritance to their children in perpe- 
tuity. Hired servants, are carefully distinguished 
from hereditary, or bond servants. 

During the life of the patriarch Jatob, we are 
presented with a very suggestive fact in favor of 
enslaving a people for their own good, who are not 
qualitiecT for freedom. A branch of Ham's race 
occupied, at that time, the fruitful valley of the 
Nile in Egypt. They were liable, by laziness, neg- 
ligence, and a want'of forethought and energy, to 
famine — owing to a casualty of frequent occur- 
rence, which caused a failure in the annual crop. 

To teach Ham's race a lesson, and tlirough them 
the world a lesson, the Almighty allowed Jacob's 
son, Joseph, a descendant of Shem, to be sold into 
slavery in that kingdom. It was Sliem's mission 
to preserve the knowledge and make known the 
character of the true God to all nations. Shem was 
sent to Egypt at this time, in the person of Joseph, 
not only to make known the character, attributes, 
and perfections of the true God, but to make 
known the character and elements of good govern- 
ment among men. Joseph soon convinced Pha- 
raoh wiieu brought into his presence that essential 
elements were wanting in his government, — that 
wise forethought, and an energetic control over 
his subjects would save them from this national , 
calamity with which they were atiSieted — that his 
government nnist be changed— and that his sub- 



13 



jecte were not qnalified for self-control, or freedoui. compelled by Pharaoh to suj>i.ort themHolvcs and 
Accordinglv,underimiiul.«es: awakened in Pharaoh's their faniilie.s— as their political nia^tcT, he made 
heart, this'vounff man wan invested with autho- very heavy drafts upon them for labor, and .sub- 
jected them to unreasonable and eiuel oppress' 
by overtaxing their plivfieal enerpief. This, 
aie told, was grievous to be borne, yet it "yielded 
tlie peaceable' fruits of rigliteouHnets to them whea 
cxeici.sed thereby." It led these .slaveholder.^ to 



ritvbv Pharaoh, 'to change the political .structure of iected them to unreasonable and cruel opnre.s.mon 
the government, by enslaving the persons, and by overtaxing their phy.-ical energies. This, we 



purchasing the property, real and personal, of the 
whole kingdom, with the exception of the priest- 
hood. He secured for Pharaoh an absolute right 
to tlie control, service, and labor of this people for- 
ever. A new arrangement was iiumediatelv made 
by .Jo,seph for the more ettlcient coiitiol of labor — 
and for a careful preservation of the surplus. 

This was done by bringing a number of families 
together in cities,' from one end of the kingdom to 
the other, so that a few competent overseers (men 
of skill, enterprise and authoritative energy) could 
supervise the labor and the civil conduct ot" a great 
many persons. ]}y this change, labor was well hus- 
banded — a bountiful supply 'was secured for the 
•wants of the people — a surplus was put in store for 
contingencies, and a regular supply of means laid 
by for the support of the government. 

The authority for all this, is to be found in Gen. 
XLl: t« XLVIt: inclusive. 

Subjecting this ))eople to .slavery was God's 
work. He, by a special providence of seven years 
continuance, brought them into a erni'ifi'in th;!t 
unavoidably subjected them to hereditary slavery 
— or to death by famine, if they refused submission 
to it. Now let me ask all vvell meaning, honest 
minded men, this question: If slavery be a sin, as 
the abolitionists say it is, then why did the Al- 
mighty take advantage of the condition into which 
he brought this people, to deprive them of liberty 
and subject them to slavery '? I would answer this 
question by saying, God designed it for their good 
— and to teach them, and all others through them, 
that slavery was a greater good to any people, 
than freedom, without proper qualifications to use 
freedom. All of this is written iu the Bible for 
our learning — that we, when called upon in the 
providence of God, to arrange the best form of 
government for men who prove themselves inca- 
pable of self-government, (as the Africans do among 
us, and everywhere else with but few individual ex- 
ceptions) that we do not sufl'er ourselves to be led 
away by the intidelit}' which sanctions universal 
fieedom and equality- — a freedom and an equality, 
of which the Bible knows nothing ; nor by a false 
humanity which takes away a good from a people, 
and puts an evil in the place of it — as this infielity 
in the United States seeks to do, by taking from 
the African the protection and control of the 
white race, and leaving him to perish by giving 
him freedom to do nothing — which is the onl^- free- 
dom he desires. 

The difierence between freedom and slavery to 
this race of people — when the comparison is made 
between the masses in slavery hei-e, and freedom in 
Africa, — is almost as great as the imaginative difter- 
ence between the two future worlds of the Bible. 
Tne difference is the fruit of slavery. By the fruit 
the tree should be judged. 

The seven years famine wliich was the occasion 
of exiilting J oseph to the control of Egypt, brought 
his father Jacob, and Ja.'ob's other eleven sons, in- 
to the same kingdom thr. they might avoid starva- 
tion by famine in the laml of Canaan. A beautiful 
and productive portion of the land was assigned to 
them bv the King. Here they became a niition, 
Deut. IX: 34: and enjoyed great i)rosperity and 
coui'tlj' favor for a long time — but at length a new 
King arose who knew nothing of Joseph. 

The rapid increase of Jacob's posterity in Egypt 
awakened the fears of the new King and he sub- 
jected them as a nation to bondage, and their male 
chiJdrento death. Now, let my reader remembei' 
that this was not domestic ' bondage — for thev' 
were the owners of domestic slaves tliemselves — 
they were literally a slaveholding nation, and so 
reniaiuvd until iLvii" fc.\y(.Ui;. "Wiiiie tLev %,v.e 



call upon the Lord in singleness of heart for deliv- 
erance. The Ijord heard their i)rayer, and deliv- 
ered them from this cruel oppression — not, howev- 
er, as modern deliverers seek deliverance for do- 
mestic slaves who arc not opj)reHsed — that is, by- 
spears— Sharpe's riHes— conllagation — rapine and 
plunder. The lesson God taught this pcojile by 
Moses is the lesson he teaches us by the Gospel — 
that is, that inflicting vengeance upon nations be- 
longs to God — that we are not to avenge ourselves. 
These oppressed national bondmen, jieaceably pe- 
titioned the throne under fiud's diiection for a re- 
lease, and after the Almighty had endorsed their 
petitions by national judgments im Pharaoh, they 
were .allowed to march peaceably out of Egypt 
with the consent of Pharoah their national master 
— carrying their own domestic slaves with them — 
without having reci'ived the pennission of God in- 
i'.''vidu;iHy, cv a.^ ii iiavic.ii, to i-a^pv ^.ato a deed of 
violence," or to ofi'er an indignity to Pharaoh, or to 
any of their national oppressors. How does this 
comport with plans and efforts to release our do- 
mestic slaves who have no oppression to complain 
of? The domestic slaves of the J ews in Egypt had 
none to complain of. The oppressed in Egypt, 
were masters 



.. their bonda Ere was political — from 

this, God delivered them, and they marched peace- 
ably, as a nation, to the Bed Sea. Pharaoh pur- 
sued them — and here, God destroyed him for a 
breach of his covenant to let tfiem go. Thev 
marched throuph the Red Se:i. as on dry land^ 
and soon stoocT at the base of .\It. Sinai— where 
they received a moral constitution from the imuuh 
of (jod himself, and soon after through Moses, the 
laws ordaining and regulating, according to God's 
will, their sj'stem of domestic slavery, and their 
civil, social, and religious institutions. Here we 
see the Almighty, displaying his vengeance upon 
the political oppressors of a nation of domestic 
slaveholders, while he writes his approval of their 
domestic slavery, by giving their slaves a place at 
the table of the passover, tlie night these masters 
were delivered from political bondage — and their 
slaves at the same moment, from the destroying 
an^el for their master's sake. 

'Their genealogies were carefully examined, and 
the male descendants of Abraham through Jacob, 
who could prove their descent, were formally re- 
cognized, and reorganized as the nation to whom 
God had promised the land of Canaan. They 
numbered six hundred thousand fighting men. — 
See Xum. 1: This nation voluntarily accepted 
the covenant, God made with their lathers and 
promised obedience to it. E.xo. xix: 1, to 8. 

The night they left Egypt, the passover was in- 
stituted. It w as to be a memorial of their na- 
tional deliver.ance. The qualifications for its re- 
cipients are carefully worded in Exo. xii: 43, 44, 
45. '-A foreigner and an hired servant shall cot 
eat thereof; but every man's servant that is bouglit 
for money, when thou hast circumcised him, tliea . 
shall he cat thereof." This law proves Jacob's 
descendants to have been a nation of slaveholders ■. 
when they left Egypt. They had been a slave- « 
holding people dining all tlie intervening time, - 
from Abraham's da}- until they, went down into s 
I'.gy'pt witli their father Jacob during the si:\en.t 
yea!vs of famine. This covers a period of nvve* 
than four 'hundred and fifty years. Among the 
patriarchs of this period, their slaves are declared 
in the Bible to be, "their money" — they had bought 
them with their money, or they raised them in theiv 
I'aiiiilifcj — ana tiiey we: t iientaWe property in pg-- 



14 



■jjetu'tv. Daring thJfi period slaves were carefally 
distill ffuislied fionv. liiied servants and free men. — 
And in the moial law, or ten coninLandiuents, de- 
Jiyircd in I'ss than three months alter they left 
Epvpt their slaves areregistered by .tlie Almighty 
iu th ■ tenth oomraaaidKient as their property, in 
to.mmon with other articles of property which 
•were nut t* be coveted. See Exo. xx: 17. And 
in the fourth of the ten .commanduientS rest from 
labor on the tJabbath was secured to these slaves. 
Exo xx: 10. And now I. ask again, how can any 
man who puts forth claims to Bible knowledge, 
solemnly declare and teacb the world to believe, 
ih&i the Bible iiiakes slavery to be the greatest of 
alls'ns? Here is a miraculous interposition to 



ehall go out with him. If his master have givcB: 
him a wiie, and she have boine him sons, urc'.augl»- 
ters; the wife and her children shall be her mae- 
tei's and he shall go out, by himself;" (and in 
I)eut. iv: 13, 14, 18, the master is bound to fur- 
ni.-h him for house-keeping agaiu.) "But if the 
servant shall plainly say, I love my master, my 
wife, and my children ; 1 will not go out free ; 
then his master shall bi ing him unto the judges ; 
he shall also bring him to the door, or unto the 
doorpost; and his master shall bore his ear through 
with an awl; and he shall serve him forever." 

These persons belonged to clas-es which will be 
found in all civilized society until time ends. The 
persons who make up these classes embody moral 
purity in the outset of life - but are without the 



deliver a natioE of domestic slaveholders trom a. , _ .. „ . . ^i. 

■tate of national bondage te which they had been auahtications to contend successfully with the 
snbieeted in Egypt, t an w« believe 'God would difficulties of securing a comfoitable support— and 
a this and sanot'on their holding slaves, if sla- hence they are exposed to the temptations which 
Terv was a great sin ? assail social virtue and moral purity, with great 

It niav seem stcAnge to an abolitionist (for they severity. For the social comfort and moral se- 
' not to knov7 what is in the Bible) thtt the curity of these classes of his peculiar people, these 

" " laws were enacted by the Almighty. 

am's seed 
that were subjected to slavery. The^e classes also, 
have been found in civilized society in all ages and 
countries. They are criminal classes, tor the 
good of these criminals, whose puni.-hment was 
short of death, and for the good of society, no 
human legislation has ever equaled the law of 
God. The classes he d signed to correct by this 
legislation, included such persons as bi'oke into 
houses— that stole cattle, sheep, or other stock — that 
trespassed on their neighbor's fields or forests — 
that appropriated to their own use whatever they 
could stealthily get hold of— that swindled by 
false pretences — that contracted debts without the 
means, or intention of paying them — in short, all 
M-ho proved themselves unfit to be trusted with 
freedom. 

The object to be accomplished by these laws was 
to dry up the sources of moi al miasma — neutra- 
lize this poison — improve the morals of the cul- 
prits — and preserve the health of the social body. 
One great principle lies at the bottom of all this 
kgislatiou, which was enacted of God to relieve 
society — first, of criminals — secondly, to correct 
the criminal classes — and third, to save the vi; tu- 



Alm^s-fctvshoirid pollute flia lips, in the blaze of laws were enacted by the Alcuighty. 
glory tji at surrouiifced Him, (a^. the time He pro- There were other classes amon^ Abrah 

claimed the ten eommandments;^ by acknowledg- " ' i.- _. j .. -i__ 

in'o- aiid legalizing it relation among men, that 
inakeepioperty of ajellow being. They profess 
to believe this "to be the greatest of sins. But their 
surprise will not be lessened when they discover 
that in the next breath after enunciating the moral 
law or tea commandments, the God of Abra- 
ham commences to deliver a body of law for the 
Jewish nation, the very first utterance of which, 
enlaro-es the field in which they might lawfully 
'secure a greater supply of slave labor. 

The abolitiiinists of our day have been laboring 
to dry up the sources of supply— but the Almighty, 
an the first utterance of the law — designed for the 
orp-anization. &t)d regulation of their social and 
t)jculiar institutions,— enlaiges the boundary in 
wKich they may obtain a greater supply of slave 
And in'so doing has famished the world a 
They ought ^o study 



labor 

leescin for their ip«iruction 

it. 

For more than five hurdred years, Abraham's 
descer/lants had beai domestic alaveholdeis ; but 
nntU itJiis time, tho Alii;ighty hud never given 
them it-* sanction to snt lave thejr own brethren. 



andtOiSniikeproperty <.»f them. But He now opens ouspoorfiom that condition of poverty, which 



..new source of supply for slave labor in several 
classes , of Abraham'.-^ "descenciants. In the first 
place He authorized Abiaham's poor female chil- 
dren to be ivold into herexiitary bondage by their 
fathers. T'iie pi oof of this is found in Exo. xxi: 7. 
and Deiit. xr-: 17. "If a man sell his daughter to 
he a raaid' servant, slie shalS not go out, as the men 
eervant* do." Again. Ho authorized the poor 
male descendants of Abraham to sell themselves 
and tiieir wiv.s into perpetual bondage. Sec 
Leut. xv: 12 t<i 17. And He a lowed Abraham's 
Hiaieaesceno'ant* when poor to be soic, or to sell 
themselves, their wives and their children, into 
bondaoj; for six »ea.s. It they tma no wife v,hen 
thev were solfl, then the Almighty allowed fheir 
jBaiter to give them one or his sJare women to be 
th-i-wire. If, «t the —' '* "" ^^- '— 



ears the man 



iT.d of SIX- 
^u(j came ix: with a wife and chficfr«n, chose to 
rea.auine freedom, then he with hie wiTe and cLii- 
iren w<;re entitled to it — and also to a provision, 
Bjade by the same law, .or D.iua.Ke'^jing again. 

But in the ca.-^e oi him who had marri d his 
jnaster's siuve, the and her children remained the 
property oi' the master. If either of these mcB 
after an experience of six years in slavery, pre- 
ferred hereditary bondage to freedom, then the 
Alu.igl.t* »!ii.weu taem to alienate their freedom, 
•nd bec'on e »iHTe« loieter. Lxo. xxi: 2, to 6. 
"if thou buv an Hebrew servant, gix years he •hall 
»«iTe ; and in the »eTeulh he »hall jro out fre.' tor 
ystsuir. It l&e «am« iii by hiin»tU be shall go 



leads to crime. This great principle, the abolition- 
ists say, is the very essence of sin. It is the prin- 
ciple which makes the service, or labor of a hu- 
man being, to be money, or property. By the aid 
of this principle, labor'was made a legal tender in 
the payment of debts — it was declared to be money, 
and by this money, the Almighty secured iu the 
first place, for the poor female children of Abra- 
ham's sons, social equality in good families — and 
a good home foi- liie. Their master was autho- 
rized to D,arry them himself, or to marry them to 
bis sons, or to any male descendant of Abranam, 
— thus, poor female chitdren weresiiielQed by their 
masters from vice — and were made valuable con- 
tiibutors to the general welfare. 

The owners oi capital thus st cured by the law, 
in buying the female labor lb." life, would give 
their capital a form for the profitable employment 
of such labor— and that to an extent, that would 
equal the supply of it. Thus, their cities would 
not Decome Suuoms. And thus — from poor young 
females — the most dL-moralizing of all classes, IB 
exclusive freedom, a healthy tone would be givea 
tosoeiet\ — and a supply of female labor secured 
for the spindle and distaff, to meet the demandis of 
taste, and tc supply the comforts of lu'e. How dif- 
ferent ig such a result from that of capital emplor- 
©d in some of our northern citie* — wheie it ia u»ed 
to secure, and lUiuiiih irom one, to onehundrttd or 
more roomti, iato whi'^h these poor females caa be 
seduced ti) enter, that they may mckis a r«t«-n 






15 

oonduct which leaves the cominunily a ?odoni — nations were to bo entirely destroyed without mer- 
eniafculatod of virtue— and a moral stench upon ey, by IJoJ's odininaiiLi, m Ddit. .tX : l(j, 17. 'jii.t 
the face of the earth. Ten thousand of these of the citioR of those jieoplo. which the Lord thy 
poor innocent?j it is said, are thus saciificcd an- God doth give thee for an inheritance, thou (^hait 
Dually in one single northern city in our Union. — save alive nothiup; that b' i-atheth. IJut ihou slialt 
Fiimi thence thoy are t-hipped like meichandise utterly destroy tlu-in, namely : the Ilitlito.-, and 
to every place wHere a inaiket can be found. They the Aniorites; the Canaaiiites and tli* I'eriizitcs : 
are compelled annually to give place to a now sup- th^' Hirite.s and the .lobu.^iteB ; as the Lord Hit Gou 
ply. To subject them to domestic slavery in good hath commanded thee." And again, in i)eut. 
families — to render them useful to society — to give V'll : 2, they are commanded "to maki; no cove- 
them in marriage to raise families — and thus to nant with th-Mn, nor show meri'y unto them." 
preserve the moral health, and social happiness of The law which opened to the Israelites, all the 
the community, would be the greatest of sins, ac- national markets around them, doeti not stop un- 
cording to the morals and political standard of the til it gives tliem the Uivine .sanction t^) purchase 
abolitionists, slaves of all the strangers who might choose to 
In the-second place, the poor man and his wife dwell anionic them. Th«.'^t» sti-angers loved the 1»- 
— unable from the want of skill to succeed against raelitcs, and therefore followed them IVom Ki'vpt. 

— •• Tl.n„,> <.t-..„„^ . .1, A 1 I..:., iU . r\:..:"' I- 



•ompetition- 
anxious care 



-were allowed of God to throw otf all 
-to sit down in social quietude — and 



These sti'angers shared largely in the Divine fa- 
vor. Three several times the Israelites are coni- 



to enjoy the provision secured by labor, to domes- inandcd not ''to vex or oppress them ; but to love 
tic bondmen for life. The innocent poor thus pro- them as themselves." Exo. .VXIl : 21, L'vit. .\X V : 
▼idjd for — the future danger to society thus guard- 33, 34, Deut, VIlI : 19. Yet God allows the Isra- 
ed against — the Almighty, by the aid of this great elites to buy and hold these stiangeis in he:editary 
money principle, next subjected the criminal class- bondage, as an inheritance to their children forev- 
ee to a more efficient remedy, and society to a less er. Here is proof positive, without inference, 
costly correction, than that of building peniteutia- that to hm/, and hold a person in 'ilaue^i/ harmoni- 
ries and work-houses, and employing incompetent zes with lovincj that person a<i ournelf. God com- 
orerseers at high wages to look over these crimi- mnndi the IsrsmWie Ut love these strangcru as tkem- 
nals whose moral renovation, could not be expec- selves, and at the same time authorixen them, to buy 
ted as a result from their condition. Instead of and ho^d them as slaves. 

3uch an agency, He subjected them to the control Can any rio;ht-minded man, survey these great 
of domestic masters — who were interested in their facts of tHe Bible and then bring himself to believe 
labor — in their deportment — and who could use that slavery is sinful, or, that it is not in harmony 
magisterial authority at pleasure for the correction with God's moral perfections, or the obligation 
of all insubordination. Upon crime he placed a He has laid on men to love each other ? Freedom 
rery high money price. For a few stolen articles was a curse to the lawless portion of Abraham'f 
the prices to *e paid to by the criminal are speci- seed. Their freedom was a curse also to the State, 
fied — for an ox, the price of fire oxen, 4c. These and therefore God directed the State to take it 
specifications were the basis of a general principle, from them, and subject them to slavery, 
by which the judges were to be governed in the Freedom to Abraham's poor and exposed femala 
punishment of ofltences not specified. This money, children, seems also to have been a cuise to them 
when the criminal was poor, was raised by the sale and the community — God therefore, in mercy to 
of his labor, and was to pay the injured party, for them and the State, allowed their parents to invest 
his loss, and the state for her expense. To raise them w th t'ne aavantages ot aomestic slavery. To 
this money the slate sold the culprit's service, or Abra^ m'<i mile descendants who ^>'^ families, 
laoor, ana passea to the purchaser a right to con- without the ekiii to proviae lor ttiem. He extbnd- 
trol him by all necessary and proper means. Theae ed the same advantages. 
means, the state furnished when necessary. All these classes were benefitted by slavery. — 

By this system of making labor a merchantable The idolatrous class, was better governed, "bek- 
•ommodity, the productive resources of the state ter protected, better fed and clothed, better 
were increased — the personal and property righta instructed for this life, and that to come, shared 
of the people were secured — prolific sources of vice in social sympathy and intelligence, unknowa 
*nd crime were dried up — and the morals of the to them in heathenism, and were greatly i»- 
community preserved and strengthened. But ac- vored by the Almightv in allowing them to atind 
cording to the abolition standard of morals and in such a relation to a people whose God was the 
unalienable rights, God must be the greatest sin- eternal I AM. And does not truth compel us t* 
Ber in the universe if He be the author of such say all this of the African race on this continent ? 
laws as the above. John Brown is eulogised as a These Africans were the most degraded, supersti- 
martyr for resisting to the death such laws as I tious, and ignorant of all the heathen races o» 
have quoted, or referred to, from the Bible. He earth. By domestic slavery, they have bee» 
left many behind him, who are boiling with rage brought into a progressive state of civilization, 
against all such enactments. and to share largely in the blessings of the go.'<peL 

I will now pass by these laws, of the Almighty, The Almightv, in the law which sanctioned sla- 
for a supply of slave labor among Abraham's seed, very, guarded the slave against crueltv and limit- 
where it had never before been furnished, to the ed the master's discretion to the use of necessary 
law of God, which opens the markets of the world, and proper means for controlling his slave. For 
to his descendants, in quest of this labor. He tells cruelty, the master was responsible, and the slave 
them in Levit. XXV : 44, 45, "Both thy bondmen was released from bondage. The laws of God for 
and thy bondmaids, which thou shalt have, shall the government and protection of freemen and 
be of the heathen that are round about vou; of them slaves, furnish a very instructive lesson, to all 
shall ye buy bondmen and bondmaids. Moreover, of honest minded men who reverence the Bible, ia 
the c&ildren of t'.ie strangers that do sojourn among asc^'-taining the truth of the infidel doctrine, that 
you, of them shall ye buy, and of their families that all men are b()rn free and equal. For the beaetit 
are with you which th.'v begat in your land : and of such well meaning men, I will quote a lew of 
theyshallbeyourpossession. And ye shall take them these lavvs. [fa man maimed his own slave, br 
as an inh jritance for your children after you to in- knocking out his eye, or Lis tooth, th j slive wa,s to 
herit them for a possession: they shall be your be freed, as a puni-hment upon th • :i;astir for tMs 
bondmen forever." Bv this law the marKets of wanton act of pei'sonal violence, which was neith- 
the nations in all directions w n-e opened of God er proper nor necessary, as a means of s'cui-iuf sub- 
forth ; puichase of slaves bv Ab aham's seed: ex- ordination, .fi^xe. X.\!: 2U, 27. But for thesauieoi- 
eept the seven nations of Canaan. These sevtn fence con-mitt<.d against a fieoptToon, the ottbnd«r 



16 

had to pay an ore for an 6ve, and a tooth for a tooth, unto him that buildeth his house bj nnrio^hteoas- 

as the penalty, Levit. XXIV : 19, 20. Question : ness. and his chambers by wron^ ; that nseth hie 

Will these two laws, carry the idea of freedom and neighbor's service without wagee" [not his slave's 

equality to an honest mind ? Again. If a slave service without wages, but his neighbor's service 

lost his life by an ox running at large, and known without wages'.] "and giveth him not for his work; 



Lxo. AXI: 32. But if the person so killed was Shalt thou reign because thou closest thyself iu 
tree, then the owner forfeited his life. Exo. XXI : cedar ? Did not thy father eat and drink, and do 
29. Question: Do these two laws of the Almighty judgment and justice, and then it was well with 
teach the freedom and equality of modern infideli- him? "He judged the cause of the poor and needy" 
ty ? Again. Under the law of God the male de- (to see that tlieir wages were paid to them) "then 
scendants of Abraham were allowed to marry slave it was well with him ; was not this to know me, 
■women. If under this law a man married his own saith the Lord ? But thine eves and thine heart are 
slave his children by her were free ; but if he mar- not but for thy covetousness "and for oppression and 
ned the slave of another man his children by her riolence to do it. Therefore, thus saith the Lord, 
were the slaves of her owner. Exo. XXI : 4. By concerning Jehoiakim, they shall not lament for 
this law, we see that a free man's children may be him, he shall be buried with the burial of an as8, 
born hereditary slaves. Question : "What support drawn and cast forth beyond the gates of Jeruflft- 
do we get here for the infidel doctrine, "that all lem." Jer. XXII: 13 to 19, inclusive, 
men are born free and equal." Again. Under this The oppression of the hireling in not having hk 
law, if a slave woman was engaged to be married wages paid to him is one of the great sins of the 
to a free man— for unfaithfulness, she was subject- Old Testament. The abolitionists gather up all 
ed to stripes, and her seducer to the penalty of a the passages in which this sin of oppression is 
sheep, as a sacrifice for sin. Levit. XIX : 20, to spoken of, and apply the sin to Southern slavcH 
22. But for the same offence, a free woman, and holders. They profess to believe that the slave of 
her seducer forfeited their lives. Deut. XXI : 23, the South is defrauded of wages for his labor; to 
24. Questioft : Can any man feel as much justified which, according to the Bible, he is entitled ae a 
by the Bible in believing all men arc born free and hireling; overlooking at the same time the aston- 
equal, as I feel in furnishing him with the means, ishing and remarkable fact, that as a class, they 
and then requesting him to use them, for the cor- receive wages in the shape of a comfortable home 
rection of his error? for life, and a supply for their wants that is cqual- 

This body of slave law was in force among Abra- ed by no such number of free laborers on the 
ham's seed until the comino- of Christ,— a period Globe. 

of fifteen hundred years. During this long period For the benefit of men who wish to know the 
they disobeyed the Almighty in a great many truth of the Bible on this subject, I will add a little 
"'.*>''• His judgments were sent upon them for their for their uistruction. In the first place the hireling 
dii^obedience. These judgments were inflicted for of the Bible who is not to beoppressed— and whose 
causes that are on record in the Old Testament.— oppression is the great sin of the'Bible, is the free 
Before inflicting these judgments, the Almighty man of the Bible, or the man whom the Bible de- 
raised up prophets to make known to them their clares to be free— and not the hereditary bond 
sms,— to warn them of their danger,— and to ex- man of the Bible— the man who is declared' by the 
hort them to repentance. In all the indictments Bible to be his master's money. All this will be 
hied against them by the prophets,— there is not seen in the legislative protection given by the law- 
one for holding slaves in bondage. The law auth- of Moses to three classes of laborers. These three 
orized them to hold their brethren in bondage for different classes of laborer.^ are plainly set forth la 
SIX years— and it authorized them to hold the hea- that law. Two of these classes were created by- 
then in bondage forever. It required them at the that law,— the other class by their own free choice, 
end of the six years to restore their Hebrew breth- The two classes created by the law, were slavefl— 
ren to freedom again. For the violation of the other class, consisted of free persons, who 
this last law, which required them to restore their hired themselves to work for wages. One of theae 
Hebrew brethren to freedom again at the end of slave classes, were Abraham's descendants, who 
S1.X years, the prophet Jeremiah was sent to them were sold under the sanction of the law into slavery 
with this message, "Thus, saith the Lord, the God for six years. At the end of this time they were 
ot Israel, I made a covenant with your fathers iu released by the law from this slavery aud restored 
the day that I brought them forth out of the land to their freedom again. The other class of these 
of Egypt, out of the house of bondmen, saying, at slaves were heathens who were bought for monej 
the end of seven years lot ye go every man his according to the law in XXV: Leviticus, and were 
brother, an Hebrew which hath been" sold unto made by' that law to be their master's money, and 
thee, and when he hath served the six years thou to be hereditary bond men and bond womea to 
Shalt let him go free from thee, but your fathers him and his children forever. 

hearkened not unto me, neither inclined their ear. For the class of free laborers who hired them- 
therefore, thus saith the Lord, ye have not heark- selves for wages a law was enacted (which has 
ened unto me in proclaiming liberty every one tohis been quoted) that required their wages to be paid 
brother, and every man to his neighbor ; behold, I to them promptly. For the violation of this law, 
proclaim a liberty to you, saith the Lord, to the God threatened to visit, not the employer only, but 
sword, to.the pestilence, and to the famine, aud I will the whole nation with severe judgements— thereby 
luake .you to be removed into all the kingdoms of making all the individuals of the nation responsb- 
ttie earth. This judgment was sent upon them for ble for the due execution of this law. For the yio- 
V|iolating tl^ law which authorized them to en- lation of this law Ring Jehoiakim and the uafcion. 
.^ave their Hebrew brethren for six years, written were visited with the awful judgment I have pr&- 
Ixi u 'V''-^^' I'tie judgment pronounced against viously stated from Jer. XXII : 13, 19. 
them by Jeremiah, the pioiihot. for violating this For the protection of Abraham's seed who wore 
Jaw will be found in Jer. XXX1V:13 to 17. in bondage for six years, a law was passed, which 

in jjevii. A.l\:l:), tho'aiy .'or the wages of free exemoted them in ttie Urst p;ace rrorr rne r:g'jr:;us 
laDordeciares, "The wages ot mm that is hirea shall treatment ot tieatben slaves; i^evii. XXV : 39, to 
not abide with thee all night until, the morning." 43,— and restored them in the second place to 
i<or the violation of this law the Lord i>i(iclaimed freedom again at the end of the six years. For a 
thisjudgmcnt by the mouth of Jeiemiah against violation of this latter section of the law, God 
Jehoiakim, son of Josiah, King of Judah: "Wo threatened the whole nation with judgments, there- 



17 



by making the natit*, as well M the master, rcs- 

Eonsible for retaining Abraham's seed in bondage 
eyond the six years, except in cases where thev 
voluntarilv chose to subject themselves to heredi- 
torv bondage, after the six years were ended. 
This law, as I have before stated, was riolatcd by 
Zedekiah, King of Judah, and by others though 
his example. For this sin the nation was overthrown 
— Jerusalem destroyed — Zedekiah's sons and no- 
bles slain before his eyes — ;Zedekiah's eves put out, 
and he bound in chains to be carried to"Babylon by 
the Chaldeans. 

Nothing is more prominent in the Old Testament 
than the legal protection given to free labor. God 
threatened by judgments, that were awful, to 
avenge the oppressions of the free laborer. There 
is one law for their benefit, which embodies the 
divine benevolence in a very conspicuous manner. 
He gives the free laborer a right to borrow of his 
brother, (even victuals when hard pressed) and 
makes it the duty of that rich brother, under a 
heavy penalty — that of having God's blessing with- 
held, — to loan him a supply, and that without usury 
and to release him from all that was unpaid at the 
Sabbatic year, or the year of release, Dent. XV. 
7 to 10. The Divine legislation for this class of free 
laborers, suggests to the mind that there is a na- 
tural tendency with the rich to oppress free labor 
— because, in"all God's legislation against (Vppres- 
sion there is not a law passed, or a judgment 
threatened to guard the hereditary slave against 
want, or oppression of any kind, save that of per- 
sonal abuse in anger. To prevent this, He freed 
the slave so treated, as we have seen in Exo. XX. 
26, 27._ This remarkable fact, of legislative si- 
lence for the protection of slaves, can only bo ac- 
counted for by supposing, what we of the South 
know to be true, that the relation of master and 
slave, which God ordained between the superior 
races of Shem and Japheth, and the inferior race 
of Ham^wasa relation thatiu the nature of things, 
constituted the strongest guarantee, which can 
bind the superior, to take care of the inferior man. 
That it was more effectual than legal enactments 
enforced by the severest penalties — and therefore 
no laws were necessary to secure the hereditary 
slave from oppression and want, as the relation it- 
self would make it the interest of the master to 
provide well for his slave, aud not oppress him. 
This relation abates "the irrepressible conflict" 
between free labor and capital, and secures the 
affection and confidence of the slave to hia master 
and family where he lacks nothing. And hence the 
remarkable fact, that in all the divine legislation 
for a slavebolding nation, there is not a single law 
express, or implied, against servile insurrection. 
The wisdom of this omission is proved by the his- 
torical fact, that in the fifteen hundred years of 
their national existence, they never had a single 
fear awakened on that subject. 

Their various wars — and the awful calamities, 
and burdens of their wars, fell upon men who 
were free — while their domestic slaves were sitting 
under their vines and fig-trees in peace. For the 
privileges and blessings of slavery under such 
circumstances, tke Jews themselves, in the wilder- 
ness, often turned back in their hearts, greatly 
preferring their slavery among the flesh pots, on- 
ions, and leeks of Egypt, to the perils, dangers, 
and privations of freedom — as you will see by 
reading their history during their forty years so- 
journ in the wilderness. 

Their history further proves that after they 
were quietly settled in their own land. -there was 
an irrepressible conflict betw^^ n free laoor ana 
capital — or between the nca i.ci tae poor. T'.is 
began to snow itself with the oppressions of King 
Saul; and was intensifaea until the oppressions ana 
exactions of King Solomon upon free labor, led, 
just after his death, to civil war and disunion — ten 
tribes on the one side, and two on the other, ar- 



rayed in bitter hoetilitj and deadly strife, until 
the names of the ton tribes were blotted out from 
the catalogue of nations. This conflict botweea 
free labor and capital, will always be greater, or 
leM,accordingto tuelaw of supply and demand; that 
is, when the supply of free labor is large, and the 
demand for it small— the price of labor comoB 
down below the laborer's necessary wants, and he 
is rendered desperate in his feelings towards the 
owners of capital. On the other hand, when th« 
demand for free labor is greater than the supply 
of it, then the laborer extorts a price for it beyond 
its value, and then men of capital become desperate 
in their turn and meditate revenge. This antag- 
onism and its consequent alienation, can only be 
prevented by a controlling sense of justice. 

When our Northern brethren get their consent 
in rears of difficulty and small profits, to share 
witn free labor the profits of prosperous years — at 
we find it our interest as well as iileasure to do with 
our slaves at the South, they will abate this irre- 
pressible conflict among them; which already needa 
every now and then the strong arm of the govern, 
ment to suppress it — and which if not checked by 
a nearer approach to justice, will bring forth the 
fruit it has always produced — that of some bold 
spirit, who like Jeroboam, will seize the sword 
and put an end to Anarchy by burying in the 
grave of despotism, the liberty and the covetous- 
iiess of wealth which produced it. 

I will now leave the Old Testament and open 
the New to see what our Savior and the Apostle* 
did with slavery. Eome swayed her sceptre at 
the time, over one hundred and twenty millions of 
people. According to a most careful survey, not 
of translations, but of all the ancient authorities in 
the original languages in which they were written. 
Gibbon affirms that one half of these one hundred 
and twenty millions, were domestic slaves— that 
they were made slaves by victory over opposing 
nations — tliat the enslaved were persons of every 
rank — that the means of controlling them v>as left 
to the discretion of the master, — that the power 
of life and death, without responsibility to the 
State, was in his hands— that this was the state 
of things in the Roman Empire when the missiona- 
ries of the Cross were sent through that Empire 
and the world to set up the Kingdom of Christ. 

Now the question to be settled is this, what did 
Christ and the Apostles do wiih slavery? They 
were obliged to meet with it everywhere. It ex- 
isted everywhere — among Jews and Gentiles. The 
first thing done by Christ in person in reference to 
this, and all other subjects of like kind, was to di»- 
close and act out one great principle. That prin- 
ciple was, that earthly governments were ordained 
of God for the regulation of human conduct in aft 
the relations of this life — and that these govern- 
ments were to be obeyed and honored — and that 
our spiritual relations to God involved no obliga- 
tions to disobey them. 

This line of separation which gives to God onlr 
jurisdiction under the first table of the law — and 
which gives to man jurisdiction only, under the 
second table of the law, was disclosed in the Sa- 
vior's reply to the Pharisees. They supposed, if 
he had courage to speak the truth, he would have 
proclaimed to Abraham's seed exemption front 
obedience to the law of the Roman Empire. Thelaw 
of Moses was from God. The Roman law was from 
sinful man. The Pharisees thought that disobe- 
dience to Caesar was obedience to God. This was 
John Brown's theory. It is the theory of all the 
fanatics at the North. The Savior's "doctrine is 
containea n nis rep v. o;; ne Poarisees. _ Tiiat re- 
ply IS in these wor^s — "render unto Osesar tae 
things that are Cesar's, and unto God the things 
that are God's." 'The same doctrine is tauerht by 
him when tribute was wrongfully demanded of 
him at the Sea of Ga'ilee. He taught on that oo- 
casion and acted out t e principle, that submission 



18 



to earthly governm''nts was a dvity, even when in 
our private judjjer'^nts its power was abused, as 
was the case' in tha' instance, in exaetinec of him, 
a "Jew, what strangers only were bound to pay. 
That the les*on might be more imppftssive, he re- 
fusLKi to be released from personal re'sponsibility, 
afid sent Pett-r to get the tribute money for them 
both from the mouth of a fish, which he made to 
serve him on the occasion, by an exerciee of his Di- 
vine i)Ower. Refusing to acknowledge this prin- 
cii)le and to act upon it cost John Biown his life- 
Before Pilate our Savior proclaimed the same 
great prineinle when he said, "my Kingdom is not 
of this world:" meaning thereby that allegiance to 
God in religion involved no treason, but obedience, 
to earthly governments — if otherwise, twelve le- 
gions of angels would have lent him their aid to 
overthrow them. Brown differed with the Savior 
— he thought obedience to government wrong, 
and treason against government right — for his 
wickedness he lost his life. 

Although Christ was a King — and had a king- 
dom here on earth — yet it was not set up for world- 
ly purposes — it was not to wage war upon the 
governments of the world. Its sphere of operation 
and supremacy was the heart of man. Its design 
was to call into exercise the spirit of good will to 
man and peace on earth. Christ taught that the 
subjects of his kingdom were still to retain the 
civil and political relations they had previously 
held to earthly governments. Tne husband — the 
wife — the parent — the child — the master — the ser- 
vant — the ruler and the people, when called by 
gi-ace, into his kingdom, were to abide in these re- 
lations, and were still bound to render obedience 
to their respective earthly governments, and that 
in doing so, they were rendering obedience to 
God as well as to man. 

There is perfect harmony between the teachings 
of Christ on this subject before his death, and the 
teachings of the apostles after his ascension to 
heaven. On the subject of submission and obe- 
dience to earthly government, by the followers of 
Christ,, we have tne following plain instruction bj 
the Ap(>stle Paul to the Church, (or rather tne 
cnurcnes for there were several of them,; piantea 
in the City of Rome. In the XIII: of his letter U} 
these churches, some of whose members belonged 
to Cesar's household, from the Istto the 8th verses 
he says— "Let every soul be subject to the higher 
powers : the powers that be, are ordained of God. 
Whosoever therefore resisteth the power reeisteth 
the ordinance of God : and they that resist shall 
receive to themselves damnation. Wilt thou then 
not be afraid of the power ? Do that which is 
good and thou snait have praise of the same; for 
he is the minister of God to thee for^ood But if 
thou do that which is evil, be afraid; for he beareth 
not the sword in vain; for he is the minister of 
God; a revenger, to execute wrath upon him that 
doeth evil. Wherefore ye must needs be subject; 
not only for wrath, but also for conscience sake. — 
For, for this cause pay ye tribute also; for they 
are God's ministers; attending continually on this 
very thing. Render therefore to all, their dues — 
tribute to whom tribute is due — custom to whom 
custom — fear to whom fear — honor to whom hon- 
or." 

Here is the political creed of Jesus Christ; de- 
livered by the Apostle Paul to all Christians. Com- 
ment onthis creed to make it plainer, wouia be 
iik^ gilding pure gold. The Apostle here teaches, 
that human governments are God's ordinances, 
that they originate in His will, that He; has dile- 
gat h1 to th >m His authoi-ity to punish evil doers. 
And that Christian objdience to human govern- 
ments is service done to God. 

Thw' govei'nment within whose limits, this sub- 
J2Ction an J ob.'di;nce would bj first calL'U into ex- 
ercisj, was a g;>vjrnment that sanctioned slavery. 
It was a government, as wo have seen, that sanc- 



tioned the use of all such means in .securing the 
suboi'dination of the slave, as the mastei- in his dis- 
cretion, might think proper to use. This db dience 
to civil government is enjoined, not only to avoid 
wrath, 01' the penalty of the law, whicli is God's, (i 
wrath, but this obedience was to be rendered fqr _ 
conscience sake towards God. How great must ba 
the difi'erence between such a conscience and that 
of the "higher law!" One of these conscijncee 
ii'ada by the political creed of Christ jireseiits an 
offering to God of the obedience it has renderefl to 
human government as service done to Him. The 
other oi these consciences, made by the "higher 
law." presents an offering to God of the reheHion 
and treason it has made against human government 
as service done to Him. Are both o£, these off r- 
ings, alike acceptable in the sight of God ? Who 
will answer yea ? 

It may be that some will ask, does Christ sanc- 
tion, as right, all the abuses of power in humaa 
governments? Not at all. He commands all that 
is right, and sanctions nothing wrong in his king- 
dom, and leaves all other kingdoms to the control 
of those who are providentially responsible to Him 
for the exergise of their authority in civil matters. 
His kingdom, which is not of this « orld, was in- 
tended to be the "light of the world." His king- 
dom is "righteousness and peace." Every subject 
of his kingdom is required, "if it be possible to 
live peaceably with all men," and to "seek after 
the things that make for peace." When his king- 
dom reflects "righteousness, peace on earth and 
good will to man," it puts forth all its legitimate 
power for the correction of wrong in earthly king- 
doms. When the professed subjects of his kingdom 
take the sword, not as citizens in obedience to civil 
authority, but as christians in obedience to Christ, 
to resist human governments as Peter did, when he 
struck ofi' the ear of the law-officer, the Saviour 
admonishes them that they shall perish by the 
sword. 

The Apostle Peter gives the political creed of 
Jesus Christ to all Christians, in the following 
words : "Submit yourselves to every ordinance of 
man for ttie ijora's sake, whether it be to the King 
as aupreme; or unto governors, as unto tViem mat 
are appoiniea oy nim, lor so is tne will of God. — 
Honor all men ; love the brotherhood ; fear God ; 
honor the King. Servants, be subject to your 
masters ; wives, submit yourselves to your hus- 
bands ; husbands, dwell wilh them, according t* 
knowledge ; giving honor to the wife. Finally, d» 
not "-ender evil for evil, but blessing ; don't retura 
railing for railing ; refrain the tongue from evil, 
and the lips from guile ; escnew evil ; do good ; 
seek peace, and ensue it. But, and if ye suffer 
when ye do all these, how then ?" Well, says the 
Apostle, "if when ye do well and suffer for it, ye 
take it patiently, this is acceptable with God ; for 
even hereunto were ye called." 

Here we see the case supposed, that after rendciC'' 
ing the most perfect political fidelity to goveratr 
ment, yet christians may be called to suffer by aa 
abuse of political power. Instead, howevtr, of re- 
leasing christians from allegiance to government la 
such, cases, or authorising wholesale mu:der ajid 
treason by men who had never been called to stifi'er 
at all ; the Apostle teaches that this suffering oa 
the part of christians for patient continuance ia 
well doing, is acceptable with God," and that they 
are hereuoto called by Him. 1st. JPeter 11 : 13 to 
25. 

From this plain instruction, given for the gov- 
ernment of christians in th.'ir political relations 
what are we to think of the "high u- law" crusade 
of the present day, made, not by citiz.ms in ob .'di- 
ence to any authority recognized of God, but prcv 
fessjdly in the name, and to meet thj demands of 
Christ, whose "kingdom is not o this vi'orio '!" 

Again: Tlu Apostle Paul, in writing a I ttor to 
Titus, who was an evangelist, shows a .special soli- 



19 



eitndc that christians should be taught by him thi; 
gioiit duty t>r .■submission to (.'arthlv povorniiionta, 
and ihat t"lii;y fcliould not b.' allovvL'd to fonjil their. 
dulv in tkii huknf. IL'nco tho i'eniaikabl(i language 
in'Bitus III : 1, t, "put them in mind to b'.- subject 
to pi incipalities and poweis, toobjy magistrates, to 
be ready to every good work, to speak evil of no 
nan, to be no bVawlern, but gentle, showing all 
meekness, to ail men." 

Again : The same solicitude is shown by the same 
Apostle in writing a letter to Timothy. " Timothy 
and Titus were evangelists, employed "by the Apos- 
tle in visiting the churches and preaching the gos- 
pel on each side of the maritime boundary, which 
•eparates Kuropc from Asia, and from thence east- 
waid and westwaid along the continents of Asia 
and Europe, and among the Islands of the Mediter- 
ranean Sea from Kome down to the borders of 
Aiabia. In this first letter of Paul to Timothy II : 
1, 2, he exhoita him to instruct the churches," that 
in exhibiting the character of Christianity in its doc- 
trines, spirit and prartiral requirements', to let their 
loyalty to eartlily goTeinments be very conspicu- 
ous. First of all, he exhorts Timothy, and all the 
members, to let rulers and all in authority, and all 
who attended theii' worship, know the solicitude 
Christians felt fo, the honour and success of their 
rulers, as the ministers of God, into whose hands 
He had committed the welfare of the State. 

Having shown, as I trust, by the example and 
teaching of Christ — and by the teaching of thy 
apostle« that governments "such as then existed, 
(and they are known to have been slavcholding) 
are declared by the apostles, to be ordinances of 
trod, and that obedience to tliem is one of the 
kigheet earthly duties enjoined upon chiistians, I 
will now proceed to sliow that the relation of sla- 
rery sought to be overthrown by our Northern 
breth en is not only, not condemned as a sin, nor 
prohi it? 1 by the JJible, but fully sanctioned as a 
iawiui reiacion among men by Christ and his 
ApostJies. 

CHAPTER IIL 
J. General View of ivhat the Bible teaches on Slaver^/ 
until the Aicen'iioH of Chrint, — Faal to the Gen- 
titei. — i/i's Uphenian Letter. — iipiriticatinm. — 
Idotatry. — Aboi itioninm.— Forbids fellowxhip with 
AboiiUonistx. — His Letter to Tiviothy. — To Titus. 
— 'lo Corinth.— J'eter'g Letter to the Jews, — An^ 
t/iority given the Husband. — The Father. — The 
Halter. — Obedienee enjoined upon the Wife. — 
Tue OkiiJ.. — Tne Save. — The Relation betiocenthc 
Parlies Ordained by God.-— Based upon Justice. 
— Reciprocal Duties, Obedience fo God. — Obedi- 
ence, a Test of btscipiethip.— The Teaching of 
.. ike Apoitles. — The Teaching of the Abolitioni'<is. 
_ — One Godliness, — the Oiher Bla^phenuj. — The 
■^ (Joloi'iinn Letter. — Pnnl return-^ a Ritnaaay Siave 
^4o 4t« Master. — Tlie Reason Assigned. — His Ex~ 
I mtHpic copied when the Federal Constitution was 
"joriued. — Objections Ansioered.-^.Note. 

It may be ot service to my reader, if he is desi- 
rou.'i to see this subj> ct in tlie light of the Bible, to 
k^Te a b.ief, but connected view of it from the 
fiist ray of Bible light, «hich in stied upon it, ua- 
tll the Xew leetauient is closed. 

Slavery is first brought to vi,>w in connexion 
with liod's newly disclosed pu pose, alter the 
liwifj of Bubdiviaing the (i -sccLiuauta of Noah into 
BatioBB. This puipose was effected by dividing 
their tongues or languages. Until the flood, 
Adam'g descendants formed but one great family, 
•peaking the game language, with political and 
•ocjal I quality. The resuii was tnat the earth was 
•ooB filkd with violence. This was written for our 
l«ar«itt£, aud it ia lull of inst. uction. 

Aoaif naa tnree gong, SLein, Haic, and Japheth 
Yk«M Ai'e« soua are declartid by tb« Almicht* to 



from thftm. Thoy are made typical representative* 
of superior, inferior, and medium nations. Th<ir 
seveial localities were selected of God for each 
cliiss of these nations to occupy oij the globe, and 
theii' habitations were adapted to their type of 
chai acter. ' 

God announced Ilis purpose of .lubordinating 
these nations one to another. This suboi diiiitlioa 
W!is to harmonize witii their leading traits ol' char- 
acter, and its ultimate object was their general 
good. The character given of God to each of 
uiese three sons, is the chaiacter of their descen- 
dants at the present moment. Ham was enslaved 
of God, to Shem and Japheth. The pi'opriety of 
this was tirst seen in the abuse Ham's descendanta 
made of freedom while they enjoyed it in the land 
of Canaan. From that day until this, their histo- 
ry proves that freedom to them is a curse, and not 
a blessing, and that Ham's character is a true type 
of the character of his descendants. 

Shem is characterized as the subject of rever- 
ence for the true God, in the midst of idolatry and 
wickedness — and is a ti ue type of his descendanta 
through Abraham until the present hour. It was 
with Abraham and his descendants that his mission 
was inaugurated. 

Shem was made the father of nations whose mis- 
sion was that of treasure keepeis and promulgators 
of the Divine mind. His mission was organized in 
Abraham's family under the patriarchal form of 
government, ana was re-organized in the wilder- 
ness when he entered, as a nation, upon his misaion 
in the land of Canaan — which he prosecuted until 
the coming of Christ. 

Ham, the inferioi- son, was subjected to slavery, 
and his mission involved an obligation to serve 
Shem, when Shem entered upon his mission in the 
land of Canaan. This we have seen, they were 
made to do by the enactment of the Mosaic law. 

Japheth, from small beginnings, was made to 
engirdle the globe. His mission involved the re- 
sponsibility which attaches to universal dominion. 

His first home, given him of God, was in the is- 
lands of the sea; but God pioinised to enlai g« 
him in hisgoogi aphical and intellectual diinensiouii, 
until he should not only occupy Europe, but dwell 
in the tents of Shem ; or, in other words, until, by 
the influence \^hich enterprising intelligence would 
give him, Shem would quietly defer to him through- 
out Asia. Asia was Shem's home. 

Ham was devoted of God, not only to serve 
Shem, while Shem was prosecuting his mission in 
the land of Canaan; but he was devoted of God to 
serve Japheth also, while Japheth was j)rosecuting- 
the great mission assigned of God to him, oif dtj- 
velo])ing the intellectual and material ti'easwes of 
the entire globe. 

Ja[ihetb's inission involved the obligatiijn to pro- 
mote the individual ana gi-neial good of the whole 
uuman iamily. Ham was t.rst to seive Shem in 
his mission, and then to serve Japheth in his mis- 
sion. The substance of the.-e vi^ws necessaiily in- 
volves dominion fi^r J|aphi-th over Haui in all na- 
tions, and a-, Contrylijjug. influence over Shorn in 
Asia. 

These proprietic paintings are to be found in 
Gen. ix : ly to 27, and in x. Here we see tne L»i- 
vine plan unfolded for controlling oi- governing all 
the subdivisions or social oigauizations among 
men. In this plan equality among nations, as wei; 
as individuals, is repudiated, and a suborciiualion, 
that has reiereiice to chax'actcr aud qualiUcaiiou, 
is est. j' 'shed. 

Ham is brought to our view in these and th« 
subiointd insoiiedraiB of light in th^- cont-xl, di 
the slave of shamoiess animal piopensitiLS — with- 
out self respect- and ij made the repregentativ* 
type of those nations, or iudivi.luala to d;. ■ cud 
fion. hiu<, wiio, lor tueii° r<:«umLlacce tc him, 
ihoild be iubi ;cl°d to the cintro! o' iaperiorg ter 
t:>.Mr viTK {^ M^ tk«t i£ ti* awm. «dU;s ir 



20 

pear? in these rays of Divine light, with character- slave labor; and anthoriKcd them to enslave poor 
istic reverence for the true God. This reverence young females of their own race, to save them from 
always includes qualities which fit men to control poverty and crime; and to enslave such of their 
the slaves of animal appetites, devoid of self-re- own brothers with families, as had not skill to pro- 
spect, and to train them in virtue and religion; vide for themselves. They were directed also to sub- 
hence Ham is made a slave and subjected to Shem's ject their criminal brothers to the domestic control 
control. Japheth is enlarged by the Almighty, and service of masters, that their morals might be 
until he dwells in Shem's tents, or in other words corrected; and society secured against their aggres- 
until he controls Asia. And he is further enlarged sious. All this shows that God's peculiar people 
by the Almighty, until Ham is made his servant, were taught to use slavery, as a good to the degra- 
and he Ham"s master — or in other words, until he ded and helpless. And it is written in the scrip- 
exercises despotic control over Ham, and friendly tures for our learning. 

control over Shem, in working out the great results When Shem's mission was ended in Asia by the 
of human progress. coming of Christ, Japheth had begun in Europe 

This shows that in God's law for securing these to assume the responsibilities of his mission. It 
results, in nations as well as in families, slavery was at this time that the Savionr set up his king- 
must be used as a necessary means for controlli|ig, dom. We are deeply interested therefore in know- 
improving, and elevating "the inferior and degra- ing what .Jesus did in his kingdom with slavery, 
ded man. It shows also, that qualifications, fitting which Japheth had established, within the limits 
men for religious progress, such as Shem had, are of his control. His control, or government, ex- 
not the qualifications which fit them for political tended over a hundred and twenty millions of souls, 
and scientific progress. This shows also that the We have already seen that Christ interfered in 
medium man may do well in religion, while he can- no way with the prerogatives of earthly govern- 
not rise above mediocrity in the higher attainments ments. But we have seen also, that within his 
ofscience and skill, in the'progressivedevelopements own kingdom, he exercised ahsolute control over 
of the natural world, unless Japheth,or the superior everything sinfid in the night of God, whether it be 
man, will dwell in his tent, and lead him on in the that which is sinful in itself, or that which is made 
path of progress. Religious progress is best pro- to be sin by Divine prohibition. If slavery there- 
moted by the moral power of the masses— the fore be sinful in either of these respects, it must be 
world's pVogress, by the intellectual power of the piohibited in the Church of Christ ; and just here, 
classes. " let me remark once for all, that if slavery be a 

The great truth of Japheth's superiority and lawful relation, yet it is a relation that subjects the 
mission, has been in a course of development since slave very often to injustice and cruelty by the 
he was inaugurated in the West pf Europe.— master, just as the marriage relation very often 
In China, the East Indies, and Asia generally, does the wife ; just as the parental relation very 
Shem had risen to a level above whicli he can often does the child ; just as the political relation 
never rise unaided. Ham never has, and probably of ruler and people very often does the subject. — 
never can, share in the great results of Japheth's The authority pven of God in all these relations 
mission, without the absolute control of Japheth is often abused by those who exercise it. Now, let 
as a humane benefactor. Freedom and equality it be noticed by my readei', that Christ in his king- 
are Ham's social poison. Moral health, or intel- dom, has given his full sanction and approval to all 
lectual manhood, cannot be secured to him while those relations, but not to their abuse. And let my 
he drinks this poison. reader notice, that Chrisf in his Kingdom, has cor 

Slavery was decreed of God for tiie correction rected all the abuses of aithority in these several 
of sin and the good of the world. It made its aj)- relations; and has made obedience in them, to be 
pearance according to the Bible, first, in the fami- obedience to God ; itquiring that this obedience 
ly of Abraham, in the domestic form. This took be rendered with good will to tire authoritive head 
place when God called Abraham from Ur of the of these relations. This is as true of all tWese re- 
Chaldees, to inaugurate Shem's mission, under the lations, as it is of any one of them, 
patriarchal form of government. God called him The reasoning which aims to destroy the rela- 
into the land of Canaan to survey the theatre upon tion of slavery, because of injut ;ce, cruelty, or 
which, after four hundred years, his mission was oppression, on the part of the master will apply 
to be prosecuted to its consummation, under a na- with exactly the same force against the marriage 
tional form of government, with God himself as relation, the paternal relation, and that of ruler 
the lawgiver and governor. Abraham while pros- and people, because God's authority in all these re- 
ecuting his high trust of treasure keeper, and pro- lations can be abused — and His authority in all of 
mulgator of God's will, bought and raised a very them, is abused. If therefore, the abuse of His 
large family of slaves. At his death, this man who authority in one of them, makes the relation to be 
was selected of God to know and teach His will, sinful, tllen the abuse of His authority in the oth- 
gave these slaves to his son Isaac in perpetuity, ers. makes them to be sinful also, In the Church 
Isaac at his death, willed them to Jacob. Jacob of Christ, the abuse of God's authority in these 
while young, married in Padan Aram, and by his relations is prohibited, and the right use of His 
own skill and industry, made large additions by authority, is enjoined. It is enjoined equally in 
purchase to those slaves which he inherited at his all, as in any one of them. 

lather's death. With these slaves, and their in- While abolitionism h«lds slavery to be a sin; yet 
crease in Egypt, Abraham's seed were miraculous- it admits it was sanctioned in the church. If this 
ly led_by the Almighty from Egypt to the land of be so, then according to abolitionism, the direc- 
Canaan. They had then been domestic slavehold- tion given to masters and slaves in the New Tes- 
ers lor some four hundred and fifty years. While tament, is direction given to teach them how to 
the Almighty delivered them from national bond- live, in sin; and so of the direction given to • 
age, He fully sanctioned their system of domestic husband and wife, parent and child, ruler and ■ 
• bondage, in allowing their slaves to celebrate the and people. Consistency will make all these di- - 
passover, and prohibiting it to hired servants, rectious, to be directions given to the parties to 
They were required, when they reached the prom- teach them how to live in sin. How can we estab- ■ 
ised" land, to destroy utterly, without mercy, seven lish a diti'erence when the Holy Ghost has made no ^ 
of the most degraded nations of Ham's descendants, difference? God, in his word has established each 
and to enslave the balance of them; which amount- relation, and given to jts head the authority to a 
ed at that time, to seven or eight nations more, govern. He has enjoined obedience in all these 
within the limits given to Abraham by promise. — relations, and for the same end in all. That is, 
God gave to Abranam's seed at the same time the that God may be glorified — as you will sec in the 
aiarkvts of the world ^\io, fc;- r large:' supply o- i'eiei tiices jiO'tV to .Oe made. 



21 



The object now to be aecompUshed, is simply to 
show from the New Testament, that the Roman 
Slavery which existed when the pospel was fifst 
proclaimed, was a relation which the e^Bpel ganc- 
tioned as lawful, and that its reciprocal duties en- 
joined upon the master and the servant, grow out 
of the relation itself; that they do not exist out- 
side of it, and that thev rest upon the foundation 
of justice, just as do tbe duties of husband and 
wile — parent and child — ruler and people. These 
relations all involve justice. The duty enjoined 
upon the husband, <jives him a just right to the 
obedience of his wife. This dutv of liio husband 



already referred to and quoted at length, 
I will now bring to the notice of my reader 
those portions of these letters, which recognize 
as lawful the most important relations of society, 
which had been established in the Roman Em- 
pire, under which the Saviour and the Apostles 
lived, and within the limits of which his king- 
dom was first to be set up. Husband and wife, 
parent and child, n.astcr and servant, ruler and 
people, were all relations existing in that Em- 
pire, and they arc all recognized by the Apostles 
as lawful relatione, in the sight of God. The rel- 



is an equivalent for the obedience of the wife, and ative duties which grow out of the first three of 



that rendered in the best form. The performance 
of the duty enjoined upon the wife, gives her a 
just right to all that God has enjoined upon the 
liusband; and so of master and slave — ^iiaront and 
child — ruler and people. Those duties which God 
enjoins ui)on the master, give him a just right to 
the service or labor of his slave; and that service 
or labor, gives the slave a just right to all which 
God has commanded the master to render for it ; 
and so of parent and child — ruler and people. Au- 
thority and control, are given on one side— obe- 
dience and service, are enjoined on the other. — 
These are all relations of justice, because that 
which is rendered by one side, is justly paid for by 
an equivalent on the other. These reciprocal du- 
ties grow out of the relation itself. They are based 
upon justice, and are not due where the relation 
does not exist. 

The legality of slavery in the sight of God is 
prove<l bv the inspired and authoritative letters of 
the apostles. These letters were written to organ- 
ized gospel churches. They were written for the 
purpose of teaching those churches, and all others 
through them, what the gospel sanctioned as law- 
ful among christians, and what it prohibited as 
unlawful ; so that the churches thus instructed, 
might exhibit to men of all orders of mind, and 
to governments of every form the practical require- 
ments of that New Kiiiff, whose kingdom they 
were eil^aged in getting up. That kingdom, the 
prophets had declared, was to be universal and 



these relations', are enjoined in Paul's letter to 
the church at Kphesiis, beginning at the 21 verse 
of the v: chapter, and ending with the 9th verse 
of the vi: chapter, which reads thus: ' Wives sub- 
mit yourselves unto your own husbands as unto 
the Lord. For the husband is the head of the 
wife, even as Christ is the head of the Church ; 
and he is the Saviour of the body. ' Therefore 
as the Church is subject unto Christ, so let the 
wives he to their owirhusbands in evf-ry thing. 
Husbands love your wives, even as Christ also 
lOved the Church, and gave himself fur it, that 
he 'might sanctify and cleanse it\vith the washing 
of water by the word ; that he might present it 
to himself, a glorious church, not having spot or 
wrinkle, or any such thing; but that it should 
be holy and without blemish. So ought men to 
love their wives as their own bodies; he that 
loveth his wife lovetb himself. For no mau ever 
yet haled his own flesh, but nourisheth and 
cberisheth it, even as the Lord, the Church ; for 
we are members of his body, of his flesh, and of 
his bones. For this c luse phall a man leave hia 
father and mother, aud shall be joined unto his 
wife, aud they two shall be one flesh. This is 
a great mystery, but 1 speak concerning Christ 
and the Church. Nevertheless, le'; every one of 



eternal. The very first utteiances of the gospel you in particular, so love bis wife even as him 



therefore, concerning the extent and duration of 
this kingdom, must excite solicitude among rulers 
and people in every nation where the gospel was 
proclaimed. They must necessarily feel solicitous 
to know its bearings upon their respective forms of 
government, and their social institutions. This we 
know from the New Testament, %vas the fact. — 
And especially would they desire to know, wheth- 
er its object vi'as to break up the whole framework 
of society, and reconstruct it on a new basis. The 
people and their rulers must expect that a King, 
with ambassadors and agents in every country-, to 
organize a univemalkingdom could only accomplish 
(Aal ofc/ecf by overthrowing the existing relations 
of society, and the organized governments for 
their security and protection. This new kingdom 
they would naturally suppose might be based on 
the principle of making all things common, or it 
might be based upon the principle ot private prop- 
erty and personal rights. If on the principle 
that all things are common, then private property, 
matrimony, slavery, familj- and State govern- 
ments were to be overthrown, and the antedeluvian 
model, in the e.vceffinn of its Jinal licentiousnas, rc- 
estabJi^shcd upon their "ruins. 

If upon the principle of private property and 
personal rights, still the question would come vtp, 
whether tlie settlement of these rights, and the 
reYatiOns out of which they grow, was to be left 
"to the po^vcrs that be" — or to this new king oj^ 
viiii^riKtl dominion. To answer these questions is 
one great object of- the apostolic letters. The pas- 
sages^in theee letter?, which sanction hUThati gov-* 
ernmeut? as ordinances of God, that are to be 
o'-'-_.cd D} the d;^■;■iplcs of Christ, h,v;e been 



self, aud the wife see that she reverence her 
husband." 

"Children obey your parents in the Lord ; for 
this is right. Honor thy father and mother 
(which is the first commaudment with promise) 
that it may be well with thee, and thou mayest 
live long on the earth. And ye lathers, pro- 
voke not your children to wrath; but bring them 
up in the nurture and admonition of the Lord." 

"Servants be Jjbedient to them that are your 
masters accordmg to the tiesh, with fear and 
trembling, in singleness of your heart, as unto 
Christ. Not with eve service, as men pleasers ; 
but as the servants of Christ, doing the will of 
God from the heart ; with good will, doing ser- 
vice as to the Lord, and not to men ; knowing 
that whatsoever good thing any man doeth, the 
same shall he receive of the Lord, whether he 
be bond or free. And ye masters do the same 
things unto them, forbearing threatening, know- 
that your master also is in heaven; neither is 
there respect of persons with him." 

Here is instruction for a Christian family, a 
domestic empire, containing within itsc!f, the 
elements of a state for whose welfare a system 
of control and subordination was established by 
the Roman law and sanctioned by the Savior;_ia 
which husbands, parents, and masters, are in- 
vested with authority over wives, children, and 
slaves; and the exercise of this authority, aud 



22 

the yielHinc nf this sahjocfion olieerfullv, are ceivp, such a service a? this is, from all other 
made lo be Chris iui, duiies. Clinsi no fiiiizt.g.. we/t? Ag.in, the w,fe i.s bound t.. obes bet 
tb.se rehiiioiiri as lawlul; and bo recopuizes the bu^baid, iu every thing. ^o«, it ihisobediei.ee 
kuihoriy and sulj ctioi. which belong lo ihem, ot ihe wise does uul grow out ot her n latum 
as |u-t and ii"ht in ihe sight of God. i.e gives to h. r husband, hn, she is bound aecordii g to 
iusuuction bow God is to be gloiified by the abohtionism, to o6e.i/ em-ii/ other mnn m every 
parties. The biu-band is to glorify him, by thuig, and ev. ry oihei ma.r bas a.ieq.ial right, 
6u h an exercise ot bis authority over his wife wiili her husband, to rejiwre it oj her. lie 
as will prov.- that be loves her as himself,— bv a slave is bound to obey his mast r, and to ple:i9e 
love which iu char cctr resembles that of Christ him well. If this obi gallon oes not grow out 
to the Church. The wife is to glorify God, by of the relation the slave stands in to his master, 
a submission to her husband, whicli in oharact. r theu the slave, the wife, the child, and the citi- 
resembles that which is due to the Savior by the zen, are all released from all the obligations of 
Church. The child is to glorify God, by an obe- obedience, in these several relations; and may 
dienee to his parents, which God makes iu bis uiaugurate ihe anti-diluvian lawlessness and li- 
•word to be right, aud promises to reward with centiousne-s, as more in accordai ce with the 
goed days and long life. The father is togloii- fieedom and equality of the "higher law" of the 
fy God, by such an exercise of his authority as present day. 

w,ll not provoke, and by its severity, beget The letter fiom which I have quoted, was 
wra h m his child; but bv such an exercise of it writen to a church, that on two accounts, was 
as will brii.g him up to sucial, moral, and Intel- se- ond to no oth. r in importance. First, for the 
leclual LiiiVi'hood in the fear of God. The Se>r- facility with which statesmen, both in Europe and 
vact is to glorify God, bv an obedience to his Asia, could obtain knowledge concen ing the ef"- 
niHSier, the»ameiuchaiMcter as the obedience fee .8 of Umsuanity on cml government; and 
be is Commanded to render to Christ. The secondly, for the influence wh ch would be e-x- 
niast.ristoglo.iiyGod, by an exercise of his en.ed by heP i"embers, m this great social and 
auihoiiiy over his servant, the same in characur cotiunetni'^ centre, upon men "* business and 
as the obedience requirea of his servant o lii'm; pleasure who visited that city, as well as "I <>^ 
that is, that he is to exercise this auihority with the membrrsot other churches on the two au* 
singleness of heait as to Christ — Chr st having jacent continents. 

required it to be done, aud made it to be a me- j^ addition to the importance of Ephesus, as 
dium o. serving « im,wheii done by a right rule y^ social, commercial, and religious cistre, the 
and to a righ eud. Th> se several reciprocal Apostle attached additional import ince to it, 
duties, grow out of these several relations. Each fp„ni his personal knowledge of the tiabi'S of 
of tlhtii- relations, of husband an. wile, part nt [1^ place, aud tne character of the materials ol 
ai d ciiilfl, master and servant, lias the sanciiou which the church was composed. He had la- 
and approval o! God, both among the patriarchs bored here iu person, r'ght and day, for three 
Under the law of Mioses and now by the aiitbor- yt.,,!-?; going from hou- • to ho se, teaching the 
iiy of Christ, in the organic laws of his king- jocirines of the gospel, and exhorting to the dis- 
dom, * ich visibly, is a gospel Church where all charge of \U practical requirements, during 
its oidinanc<s are administered, its doctrines {.^is time, he had invaded and overihiown in 
tuugiit, aud laws enforced. This being so, then ii)^^ ^ity, a branch of the most daug.-rous orga- 
1 ask, if a man honors his uudeistanding by lim- Dilation to truth, which had ev^r existed. Sa- 
lting the slave's obligation, as the ubolitioni-ts ^-n, j,, ^y, j-y age, has succeeded imong its mem- 
do, to such duties as the sla e owes to every bers, in securing accredne'l mediums ol com- 
etber man, as much as to his masltr; that is, niunicaiion with the spirit world. The witch of 
that the sia^e is only bound to speak the iruth, Endor was enabled by Satan, lo induce stnsi- 
to be honest, to pirloim moral requirements, ble men to give up God's word, and resort to 
TV ichuieduety him to all oihcr men asmuch these roi dium for knowledge, both for the pre- 
ss to his ina.\i. r; at. d Hiat these moral requ re- seut and tie tu'ure world. They had an exis- 
meniSixic equa^' 1/ ihe d'itt/ of all fjioi, aud d'> not tence among Ham's descendants in Pale-".iue.' 
grow out ol iac- rcictioa he siaads m t\j his mas- God, in h s law, ordered them and ido.aters lo 
t^r. , , ,.,;.,j; I, be put to death, loth were pui. to death for 

.^Oime of .ihe great st and best men in the the ameVeis;>n. Both exalted lytng^ spirit8 

»bf,.livioii rank.'i '.ave put iorth such an interp above the E ert'al I AM. Hence, t'le New es- 

ta.tiou as the above, of those i lain |>ort;Oi.3 of lament cauHO'i, '*Try the spirits." Go I's word. 
Goii'"<wiird, ai.d Uixusauds, if not miiiions, nave under tee Mosaic and Clir.stiaii dl^pen<a^Ion. 
• ^allowed the poisop; inii these distinguished lunnshes the test— if they speak no'- in agree 

al.ol'tioi. ist^, tiom sor/ie c«iw.e, hav iiitted to luent with iliat, they are not of God. 

Itt'iition Hie 'obadierme,' aud ''suLjection," wh:ch We h vo lately been infor;i.e ot their organic 



fivtivf Ol t i>f I lie ri ianoi u.-elf, ami which Gwd 
Ivjs positively commanded Ser ani.s are posi- 
ti»t 1.* CO ..mand> d Ui tUe letter above quoted 
"lo ob> y ihem who are tiieir m isters according 
to Ihe llesh, wiih tear and iremblin^, iu sin^ie 



zed existence in China, aud that this orgamza- 
lion, d.Mps back cen uries before the leaer «f 
I aul to the Ei^hesians was wriiteu. The m-ti- 
tt rs (if this ■ ittbolica! art, and tiieir Satanic me- 
diums, are among us. Their mediums are per- 



»- 86 of their heait as u. no iMirist, with good will liape as unconscious of Satanic po.'^SBBsioB, as 

doini' ihemseiv C-." Qneiy i>u the Slav..- of was the damsel who followed Paml Butil ke 

thejiw Tesiumeu', "land u; a re'aiiou lo mil turned and cisi the Devil uai oi i»er 

•</*«• w'«», 'hi! makes it their outy iu oitey all Chnet was cDUstiutlT ijectng Satan fr»ni th« 

»lh»r ftn n »er Hii* modt i ? And hav > an lioii bodies f men whei: here Bu earth and r«e'ar- 

»K»i.«r:ij frttfc W»*, i» «»utrtti, itrtc'., ai*i re- wg tc«« »e tted? Jw^ai oiutiU agAia. 1Sj<* .a|«»° 



23 

r ' 

tlop werp comtninsionrd by Clirist to cfls* oni by the grrt=poI upon parpntp nnrl chili?rr»n. Thus, 

devil. Tlii'>c ilpvilb uii;iht, and irobablT ilid, a Uour was npi-ni'd, which mad-' re propiT to 

b> liie as. iicjf of those niaptcis ofilie di;ib( lie teach t ein that, obedi' iict; to the com nui ride J 

art, piisacss meii'8 bodie.f, tnid distrac' the r 'dn'ie'? of ihcse S' vi ril rida id^vsi, vr*.s a ri'-ti^iOns 

miiidti. 1 he niHstf IS of hia ;n't., whtisi- object t^erviee, that ir icfl c'fd Hod's g!oj to ( thcrs, 

was rain, were per.-ons of pol cj and skill. We secured a-stiru' ce of tiieir own accep'niiee wifh 

may veil Mippo^, tliey were slow to ventnro a God, and conpiitnte ' visible and cr<-dible eVi- 

diie t eneounttfr with tnuii; bu' at Ejilicsu;;, denite that he who said he I .red Christ, aiid did 

Paul invdded their i-Huki by the gospel, and wns ngf keep tlie.«e cm Hridment.s, "was a liar and 

made mighty through (rod in ove ihrowiug their the trutii wiis not in hi ." 

supfratructure. He destroy.', the fou idatioa The Ap08ti(! hcidbP''n adtnoni'»heil by the Holy 
uponwhich it. rest' d. That foundation whs a pre- Spirit, before h.- leti Ephe.-tu.'J, thni, after lii..^ de- 
ference in their hearts, f r the ■■ as er who paid pa'ture, gri toih wolvi's wo ild come in am'itig 
t eioclot, rather than the iiia-tif who emptied th^ in, not spaiiug thi' tl ick,and rjiav from iiinong 
it, <if c.ish, and then of W(jrldly glory The th iivselves aKo, men would a isp "npeaAini; pt-r- 
fiist, wu« the Devil, tlie otl'cr, w«.s ill- Savior verse things to draw aw.iy d seiples afrer them." 

Tlijp dabdlical art, was propagate by ti course In iih.iut one y-'ar frniii tin- time ho wrut.' the 

of tieeret trailing in which, secre'ed books were b-tti r to thi-* church, from whieh I have quot-d, 

B.'^ed lor stibjeciinj; the human organism to the he wiote anoiher Ictii" to Timothy, who was 



coiitiol of lying spirits, so as to niai-e a hums 
bein^ see Hud hear trien'aliv, and tjpeak audih'v, 
as moved by another i .telhgiMit mind. Ah,.b's 
piosphf'ts, wer<» ilius aced upon, we know, be 
C'luse God peiin t ed M caia , to huve an inspi- 
red si^ht of a lying spiiit ffting for;b aud (le- 



mini-tering to this church at the ime. In this 
letter toTimoihy, he Apostle Ie<,< us know, 
that notwithstmiding his (ilain iustruc^Ton to this 
church ill person or three years, and then in hia 
letter to this churi h four years afterwards on the 
suhji'ct of slivory, inen with abolition seu- 



oeiving them. This decepuon was eflected by timents had risen up among them who ignor d 

giving ih m a false view of the future. The his d')crrine, and taught t lat cliristiatdiy abuU 

converts (rom spiritualism at Ephesu-', as soon as ish d shivery, that slavery violated the unal ena- 

boin again by the spirit of God, searched' for these ble righi o every man to freedom and (quality, 

diabolical books, and gathered up and publicly Now whil ■ these are not the idenli<-al words 

burned a nuuiber of them, the price of which was u-ied by the Apostle, yet thi.s is an unavoidabla- 

fiity thousanil prices of .silver, '"so mightily grew inference from the language which he does use, 

Hie wtrd of God and prevailed." as you will see in 1st Tim. vi: 1, to 6. 

A disiinguislud man named Demetriufi, and a "1. Let a« many servants as are under the yoke- 
number of craftsmen with him, wire banded to- count their own masters wor hy of all honor^ 
gether also in Ephei-us, for the encouragement that the name of God and his ooctsiue be not 
of idolatry, by making si ver decorations for blasphemed. 

idolatrous worshi pers These crafrsra>'n were 2. > nd they ^ar have believing masters let 

invaded, and tleircrft eud^ingered by the Apos- them not despise them because they are breth- 

tl-'s labours. .dolatr» wa.s as fatal to salva. ion rer; b<i' rather do thera service b-^cause hey are 

by Chrst, as the doctrine taught by -atanic me- faithful arid beloved, partakers of the benefit.-«»Ai' 

diums. These mediums, it is sain, bare now Tnese t ing.^ 'each and e-xln.rt. ''■■''' 

op<ued the sereuth heaven among us. This hea- S. If any man tt?ach otherwise,, and consent 



▼en lies beyond six others, inferior to it. They 
shut up tb« Ueaven of the Bible, and open oth- 
ers b tter suited to ungod.y ni-n. Idolatr , 
then and now does the siinie thing. These idol- 



not to wholesome words, even rhn words oi »iir 
Lord .lesus Christ and the docirints wh.ch is ao- 
cording to godliness, 

4. He is proud, knowing nothing; but dofcinj^ 



atrous craftsmen and Satanic spiritualists at about questions and strifes of word.s, whereof 

Fphesus were either overthrown, r shorn by coraeth envy, strife, railings, evil surmisin^fs, 
Paurs labors ot the encouragtment which kept 5. Perverse disparting, o! men of corrupt 

then- craft alive. By these displays ot gospi 1 minds, and destitute of ttie trutti, supposiiic^ that 

power, ueailv he whole people of Asia had their gain is godline-s; from such, w'lhdiHw th.yself.'* 
attention aioused, and were brought as a conse- Ihavesai above.that thelaaguageuseffby the 

quence to hear the gospel. Apostle in the five verses I have quoted, lurnishea 

For the progressive results of 'be go«pel upon an unavoidable inference ihat Atiolition doctrine 

a theatre so long, and so exten>ively controlled had gottei; into tfee chuicr; at Ephesu-', and was 

by tht- highest order of sutanic Hgents, the Apos- proilu'Miig the same results which it is producing 

tie nlu^t have felt intense solicitude, and hence now auiont; us. In the first verse above, ibS 

his til. «t let er to this church, which is principal- Apostle enjjins all servants under the yoke uf 

ly occupied upon the great doctrines of the ffos- bondage, to He^.-ount their own misters worthy 

pel Fioin th's letter, a quotation has been of all honor. This duty of counting masiers wor- 

niade on the domestic reUtious. The Apostle thy of al. honor, was ei joined upon christia« 

Was moved by the Holy Ghost, togive them writ slaves, who had unbelieving masters, as the ' ext 

ten ai d ii.sf)iri-d autlioiity lor the legality of verse ^hows. This ii junction, of a 1 honor to 

niiirimony, and lor the legHlty of slavery in the U!ii)elieviu masters, constitutes a new iiein in 

gight of G d; both of which, are now question- the catalogue of directions to servants. Itshows 

ed, or condemn d, by the fieedoin and equality plainl , 'hit a sy-iem ot fal.se t'viching had made 

doctrine of till' hig'icr law; a-^ one, if not botii this injinc'ion necessiiy. Tins i.> tne tisr, and 

were at Eplusus. And he irave them wri ten • nly tune w.; ev.-r hear in the ^ew Tesiam.iit, 

and inspireil authoiiry for the dut es impo.sed of the condi » of helieving s'avos, cnising the 

ujjOu these partiea ; and the duties iiupysed also name of Ood and His dodiiue to be bLs^jhcmtd, 



24 

Blaspheming Hi ^ name and doctrine, are repre- The Apostle says of the abolitionist at Ephe- 

sented as conseq ences originating in the insub- sue, "he is proud knowing nothing" — that is, he 

ordinate tendency of the doctrine which these knows nothing of God's will concerning slavery, 

believing servants had received. Now let it be •is that, will has been announced by his Spirilla 

noted by the reader, that the Apostle had never the Bible— or if he knows It to be in the Bible, 

delivered any doctrine to servants, that had an then he does not submit to the Bible as authori- 

insubordinate tendency. But on the contrary, ty. 

in his letter to this church one year before, he These five verses bring to our notice the doc- 
had taught servants to "obey them that were trine of Divine subordination established under 
their masters according to the flesh in singleness the Gospel between masters and servants. They 
of heart as unto Christ, with good will doing ser- bring to our notice also, by unavoidable infsr- 
vice as unto the Lord." In the same letter, he ence, the teachers of a doctrine that is subver- 
taught the servants in that church, that Christ sion of this subor.Hnation both in Church and 
would reward them for that service. In the se- State. The moral character and conduct as- 
cend verse he teaches believing slaves, who had cribed to those who subvert the doctrine of Di- 
believing masters, that they were not to despise vine subordination, in Church and State, is also 
their masters because they were believers; but brought to view in the small compass of these 
the rather to do them service, because they were five verses, and at the end of them, a command 
faithful and beloved brethren, who would be ben- is given to withdraw from the opposers of Divine 
efitted by their service. Now why were such subordination. 

direction and doctrine as this necessary ? Nei- The question comes up : who are they from 
ther Paul, nor any other Apostle, had ever whom, by this command, Christians are required 
taught the servants of that, or any other church, to withdraw themselves? Can individuals be 
that the doctrine of the gospel authorized be- afcertaiued from their character, and with as 
lieving slaves to despise christian masters be- much certainty, as that light and darkness are 
cause they were believers in Clirist. Where did not the same ? I think so, for the following 
this anti-christian hatred in the heart of these reasons: Fir.-t, there are classes of individuals 
servants come from ? Certainly, not from the at the preser>t day, who teach what the Apostle 
teaching of the Apostle. He taught obedience forbid to be taught- that is, that servants under 
to masters with good will from the heart, wheth- the yoke of bondage are not bound by the law 
er they were believing or unbelieving masters, of God to count their masters worthy of allhoii- 
He taught that God required this of them, and or — who teach that all laws which subject men 
that when they rendered it, they were to render to slavery are laws which disgrace the civiliza- 
it as to God — which made it a part of their tion of the world. Secondly, there are classes 
religious service. The doctrine which begat ha- of individuals who teach that such laws ought 
tred in their hearts to their masters, was a doc- not lo be obeyed, and that resistance to them is 
trine taught by some one else, who did not con- the highest style of Christian duty. Thirdly, 
sent -to the wholesome words of our Lord Jesus there are large' classes who teach that slavery is 
Christ on this subject (referred to by the Apostl^ the greatest of sins— the Fum of all villainy. — 
in the 3d verse.) This being the state of facts,' There are classes who teach that the slave so far 
the Apostle tells Timothy in the second verse, from honoring his master with all honor, ought 
that he was to teach servants, "to honor their to run away from his master, to steal his proper- 
masters, and to serve thetn with good will from ty, to burn his house, and in every way to resist 
the heart, as to the Lord"— to teach, that this these New Testament directions. Organized 
■was their duty, made so by the Savior, —that he abolition is a unit, made up of thousands, if not 
must "teach and exhort," them to the discharge millions, of individuals who are actively and 
of this duly, that God might be glorified, his zealously engaged in teaching all the abolitioa 
doctrine honored, and scandal avoided. He then opposition to the laws of God and men, that I 
tells Timothy, that 'if any man teach otherwise, have specified above, and much more of the 
and consent not to the wholesome words of same kind. They are banded together, not only 
Christ"-— and would not wipe his hands of all res- to teach it, but to carry out their teaching, by 
ponsibility for such treasonable and insubordi- overthrowing slavery and the sovereignty of the 
nate sentiments in the church, it wo .Id be proof slave States, at whatever co^t of life and suffer- 
that he was "proud, knowing nothing" on this iug, so that four millions of happy slaves shall 
subject, that he was in rebellion against Christ; be made free from labor, to perish of want. 
and therefore he orders Timothy, at theendofihe Now my reader, I must be permitted to say 
fifth verse, that from all such characters.he must that the abolitionists of this country and Europe 
"withdraw himself." In the fourth aud fifth are engaged in teaching a doctrine which is 
verses, he tells Timothy the description of char- plainly and palpably at war with a most impor- 
acter such Abolitioa sentiments produce, and taut doctrine of the New Testament— that of 
how such characters employed iheiiiselves. Now civil and ecclesiastical subordination. A doo- 
if such characters were not already in Ephesus, trine so dangerous to the peace, prosperifv, and 
then why does the Apostle speak of their char- happiness of Church and State, makes it the im- 
acter and co duct?— and why command to with- perative dutv of all Chri<t ans to withdraw from 
draw from them ? all ecclesiasticd connexion with them. This the 
We can, and we ought, to compare the aboli- Apostle expressly charges Timothy to do. No 
tionists of the present day with the abolitionism Chris'ian man who knows what abolitioni^rn 
at Ephesus, or with the description given of it teaches, and who wishes honestly and sincerely 
by the Apostle. If they are identically the to know from whom the Apostle requires him to 
same, then we rua no risk in assigning to each withdraw himself, can be iit a loss in deciding 
the same fathei-. that abolitionl-its are the characters. They teach 



nun 
bia 



ii'Obs'nl 0.1 iilyii ffiiiin kn 



25 



''otherwise," and expressly contrary on the sub- 
ject of slavery, to the teaching of the Apostle 
in this place, and in every other part of the New 
Testament on the same subject. And not only 
contr ry to the JScw Tc^tameiit, but to the teach- 
ing of the Almighty to the patriarchs, and in 
tke law ol Moses on the same subject. This I 
have previously madcoo apparent by the quota- 
tions and rcference.s from the Old Pestament, as 
to leave every man, I think, who reads it, with- 
out excuse tor saying or believing that the Bible 
. condemns slavery. , 

. „i,The dangerous tendency of this political and 
.. ecclesiastical heresy,calicd abolitionism, is exhib- 
ited by the apostle, when in the third, fourth, 
andiitth verses above quoted, ho sets forth the 
•moral demerits it calls into activity in the hu- 
man heart, after men are brought under its do- 
minion. He says, such persons are "proud." — 
Pride is inordinate self-esteem, a high conceit 
of one's own excellence. "Knowing nothing ' 
of course he means, as to the will of God on 
Slavery, Now, this part of the inspired descrip 
tion of abolitionism, shows up to human view 
from the Bible, a zealous body of men engasred 
iu constructing society on a new basis. For 
its fuudamc^ntal principle, tiiey claim the sanc- 
tion of Uod's word. The inspired apostle af- 
firms, in so many words, they are ignorant of 
God's will on the subject. That, of that will, 
they "know nothing." That the Divine princi- 
ple of subordination, which they seek to over- 
throw, lies at the bottom of all society which 
has God's sanction. This is the principle they 
are laboring to overthrow, in order that they 
may substitute the freedom and equality princi- 
ple in the place of it, — a principle which is un- 
known iu any Divinely organized body, domes. 
tic, political, ecclesiastical, or animal. Insubor- 
dination is taught to servants, and if to them 
then for the same reason it must be extended to 
all the other relations among men which subject 
one to the control of another. 

These characters at Ephesus, are further no- 
ticed by the apostle in the fourth verse, as to 
the plan they pursued to accomplish their ob- 
ject. The apostle describes them as "doting 
about questions." "Doting" is defined to be 
exceasive fondness. It means therefore, an ex- 
cessive fondness for questions. A moderate ac- 
quaintance with abolitionists, will suggest that 
this fondness for questions, is a peculiarity with 
them, a distinguished trait of character. Their 
questions are numberless, they are stereotyped 
and so shapeil ai to imply a great deal not ex- 
pressed, as taking for granted a great deal nei- 



plan to accomplish this, is to parade its great- 
est abuses, and its worst laws. If facts are 
wanting as to these, then they are manufactured 
to order. Well my reader, admitting all tho 
facts of abuse which have ever existed, or been 
charged to exist, and all the bad laws said to 
be found on the statute books, to be veritable 
facts, and then admitting that the half has never 
been told or imagined ; what tJoes it prove in 
settling this question: — "/s slavery a lawful re- 
lalion in the s'ujht of (Jod?" — ho Bible being 
judge. Will all these facts of abuse go further 
iu proving slavery to be an uiil iwful relation 
among men, than the same deseription of facts 
will go to prove that husband and wife — parent 
and child — ruler and people, are unlawtul rela- 
tions in the sight of God? It certainly will not; 
because such abuses arc found in all these rela- 
tions. An lionest and candid man will be 
obliged to admit, that if the abuse.sjof author- 
ity and subordination in any one of these rela- 
tions, will prove that relation to be unlawful, un- 
just, and sinful ; then for the same reason, 
they are all proved to be unlawfu!, unjust and 
sinful. For the admission of this, no sane man 
is prepared. 

The word of God expressly sanctions all of 
these relations, prescribes the duties which be- 
long to all of them — and forbid."! all the abases 
and wrongs which grow out of them. 

The (luestiou is not — can God sanction gov- 
ernment when rulers oppress their subjects? — 
Can God sanction marriage, when husbands 
do not love their . wives as themselves, but 
abuse their autirority over them ? The ques- 
tion is not — can God sanction the government 
of fathers over their children, when fathers 
abuse their authority? Can God sanction sla- 
very when masters' abuse their authority over 
their slaves? But the question to be settled is 
this: — does the word of God, establish and 
sanction these several relations, enjoin the du- 
ties growing out of them, and make disobedi- 
ence to the law of duty, to be sin, just as he 
does disobedience to any other commanded 
duty? 

All the questions, which a doting fondness for 
questions, can induce an abolitionist to ask, will 
never change the issue. That issue is to be de- 
cided by the Bible. It is to be decided by 
a yea, or a nay, to this question : does the 
Bible sanction the relation of master and 
slave; prescribing their relative duties, and ma- 
king obedience to those duties, obligatory on 
christians, as a service rendered to Christ? 

To return from this digression, I will proceed 



ther admitted nor susceptible of proof, as to in noticing tho moral elements which this eccle 



suggest fa'se issues, and parry off legitimate 
premises. These questions, for which this do- 
ting fondness is made prominent by the inspired 
pen, are questions which form the intellectual 
atmosphere, out of which the abolitionist can- 
not breathe. Subject bim to the atmosphere of 
God's word on this subject, and he dies — at least 
such has been the result, as fur as I have seen it 
tried. 

One remark will vanish the whole stock of 
abolition legerdemain involved in these ques- 
tions. The design of these questions is, to make 
the lawfulness of slavery look too monstrous 
in the sight of God, for human belief. Their 



siastical and political heresy calls mi;o ac- 
tivity, according to the description given of them 
by the inspired pen eighteen hundred years ago. 
The next item in the catalogue is "strifes of 
words." Strifes of words, is defined to be, exer- 
tion, or contention forsuperiority in intellectual 
efforts, as to what words mean. This strife about 
the meaning of words, has been carried on by 
the abolitionists, until the best intellects among 
them, are not ashamed to ignore the import of 
words which have had a universally accepted 
meaning, among the ripest scholars of the world 
since Mose-s wrote the law, and the Apostles wrote 
the New Testament. Their strifes about words 



zo 



hflvp perverted, or denied the meaning of words, 
and tlu'ieby create false mediums, tliroiiiih wl. c 
an Hbiiliiidiift sees in iiis mind what has iiOj!X- 
it^t noe in the words used This is as Jalal to 
truth as spiritual mediums. 
(;. The ne.t item of tin- moral elements of Abo- 
i- litioiiism *-i)umi'rHted by the Apostle, is "envv." 
Envy isdi fined, "discontent, fxciied by ihn sijiht 
Ot ano'hi t's supi-rigriiy, acc"mpnnied with ha- 
tred" — "a Imtt'd springii g from minified pri e 
and ambition that another has obtained what 
One has a st'Ong desire to possess." Tlie next 
moral eleirieti in th? Apo^tle's catalogne of Abo- 
li ionism, is "etrite. ' Stife is defined to be, 
"exenior, or contention for superiority" — "ei- 
ther bv physicnl, or intellecMial ■ fforis." The 
next element, enumerated, s "re ilings." Rail- 
iiif;e, is efinedto be, '•clamoring with insulting 
language, utitring reproncliful words." The 
next characterisiif in this moral pi tiire, is "evil 
suimising." Surmising is defined to b "sus- 
pr-ciintr, imagining upon sligiit evid-uc ." The 

next elarMcterisiic, is "perverse dispuiings.'' 

Tei verse, is an ai jective used to deno-e ihe qual- 
ity of a thing. Tlie thing here, is "disputings.' 
The character of the disfiuiant, is set forth in 



liberty, and the pursuit of happiness* And did 
God le^ch ih<se believing si ives, ihat they hud 
as much right to Ireedom as their masters ? Did 
Hi- te. c'i them, they had as much rii;ht to en- 
flave tiieir masters, as their masters liad to hold 
them in slavery ? Did God teach thcHe slaves, 
t'a it wa- nottheir duty to obey their mas era, 
hn- that it was their duty to assert and maintain 
their free-dot n hy the u.«e of all means in iheir 
power? This is the doctrine of the Abolitionis s 
of the pr^'Sent day; but it is the very doctrine 
the Aposile declares ti be ati ungodiy doc rine, 
a docti ine not accot ding to godliness, a tdaaphe- 
mous doctrine; and he commands christians, to 
withdraw irom all such as hold or teach it. »nd 
the reason why thei should withdraw he gives 
to be this, — "that the name of God and Hisdoc- 
trii e" o. civil subord nation, "be not blasphem- 
ed." 

We will now hear the Apostle Paul instruct- 
ing Titus, whom he left in Crete, to guard the 
church a aiiist false doctri e. In the ii ehap., 
the 9 and 10 ver.'-es he says: "Exhort servants 
(0 be ob. dieiit ui to heir own n)asterp, ; iid to 
please hem w( II in all things ; not answering 
not purloining ; but showing all goi'd fi- 



the word 'perverse." Perverse, is di fiiu d to be, delny that the m«y adorn the doctrine of t^od 
"ob.-tinate in the wrong, dis(»o-ed to be comra- our Saviour i all tilings." » ere my r.adrr wi 1 
ry, uotra: table." Tin se perserve di.-putanis, are see ih.it he mak- s it ihe duty of Titus to exh. rt 
de-cribed l).\ the Apostl-, as men "of corrupt Roman slaves, who were believers,, to be obedi- 
mii.ds." Ci riu|it, is defined to be, "change ent to their own 
from a sound lo a pntiid state" — "a change fruin 
gooo to bad." Ill the nex' item the .sui jects of 
AholiMoniem are repn sented by the Apostle, as 
nien ''destiiute of ihe tub." This part of bis 
descripii' n, condemns them as teachers, and is a 
wariii g against the as dangtrou- leaders. No 
man "ile.-t tute of the truth," can be fit to lead 
Others. In eoncluding thecharacter of the Abo- 
liiionisis ai Enhesus, the Apostles identifies them 
in character with Simon the sorcerer, who sup- 
po.-ed, with ti.ese Abi litionisi.s, ihat "gain 
god-iness" — thatis to say, i( g- dliness did 
break up all .subordination betwe n the infeiior 
and superior man, and give freedotii at d equali- 
ty t., the subordinat d man, then it was not 
worthy to be Called godliness, because it could 
not have God for its au ho;', inasmuch «s God in 
thiir opinion "created all men free and equal." 

Here is au analy.-is of the moral quali'i.s of 
Abolitionism, as given to the worhi by an inspi- 
red p 11. Can any man tru lifuily say, that i s 
characieri.-tics at 'he present time, are not faith 
fully and truly set forth in tlie drawing made of 
it a Kpliesu.-, eignteeii hundred yeais ago? 

Now mj reader, I have quoted the recogni- 
tion of etavery by ilie jipostle Paul in his leUer 
to the Eph siau church and in his letter to Tim- 
othy, while Timothy was minisieriiig to tliat 



Was 
not 



Itverv of Ist Tim 



church one year afterwards. Tie 
whu h he wnie.- was Roman slavery. The slaves 
he ad iressed w. re the piop'rty of masters. The 
master's power over them, was unlimited by the 
Roman law. The niasti r-< and slaves, w> re mem- 
birs of ihe c'-urcli oftlirist. Now the question 
naturally arise.s, did God command these believ- 
ing niHsieis to free ihe r sUves? Did He t.-ach 
them that slavery was the gieatisi sin imioug 
men? Did He teach ihem that every man was 
creautl tree and equal? Did He t- aeh them 
that every aiau,l)ad an unalienable right to life, 



masters, and to' please them 
well in all things. > ow I ask is this the teach- 
ing and exhortaiion of Abditionisis ? lie char- 
ges litus tote.ich them not to {> r'oin. Purloin- 
ing is defined to be "to take, or carry awav for 
one's self." is this the te.-iching of Aboiiiion- 
ists? No, it is exac ly the contrary of their 
teaching. He instaicis Titus to leach them "to 
show all good fideliiy to their masiers." Fide i- 
ly i.- dtfiiit d to be "fa thiuluess — a ctri f 1 and 
exact ob.-ervance of duty, or performance of 
obligaiions." Is thi the teaching of Aboliiion- 
ists? And why i.- this required by the Apostle 
of the servan ? The next words teil us why. — 
It is that tin y "may adorn the doctrine of Goi 
our Saviour in all things." . his obedience and 
fidelity of he servant, then are to make the doc- 
trine of God our Saviouron slavery, appear beau- 
tiful— "t'l decorate it " This isdcfi ed to be the 
meaning of "adorn." Qitestion. Is this the 
doctri e taught by the Abolitioiiisti? Do they 
tet'Ch that the er ice, obedience aid fidelity of 
p aveS to their master-, rendered with good will 
from the heart, decorate and beautify the doc- 
trine taught by God our Saviour ? No my read- 
er; but t e it s bo dinate doctrine they do leacb 
is declartd by the Apo^tle to be blasphemy 
aeainsi the docrine of godliness taught by <'od 
our Saviour, as you will isee in so m.iny words iit 
1. 

I will now present my reader with Paul's teach- 
ing to the t'olossian cliurch, on ttie sulject of 
slavery. This church he had never seen, but 
hetiring they had been c-illt d by the Gospel into 
a chuich state, he wrote them a. le ter. The 
gr- at doctrine of Salvaiion by Christ, is his theme 
ill the cominei cement of tliisletttr. After un- 
to ding Chi is 's divinity, the sufficiency of his 
sacrifice foi- t-e atonement of sin, ot fii- right- 
eoiisiKss for the ju-tific-»iion ol the ungodly at i. 
ti.eir completeness wUtii iiuitpd to liim, he pro- 



27 



ceedalo aliow thpin hnw t|»jpy are tofjlori'v Gofi, 
b_v H c irse of confiuct prest'iihi-d hy Oo<i tUfiv 
S'lV'Our. 'Tlia ilieywrroto f'oi hear one aiioiJi- 
cr, to fbraive one ntiothcr, to fuit on chariir, to 
let flip peac" ol Goil rule in their lieiirts, ti> he 
tliankfiil, ti> li't the woid of Giul dwell in tlietn 
rii'lily. to do every th n • in 'he n lu.- of <hi' Lord 
J.-SII3 ; thu' wi .es subntit. thenisfl es to t'.tirowii 
liii-b;indi, tliiit liu.-;biinds love their wives, tli:it 
cliildieii obey their [nirei'tsj, I iiai fathers t'Tovoke 
not ihi ir ciiildren ;" and then in iho iii : ?2, "tlmt 
servai ts ubej in all things their niiistetr., accotd- 
to the flish ; not wiili ey'> servi.ie as men pleas- 
er." but in singleness of 1 cart, f -aring God : and 
whatsoever ye do. tlo ithetiriily as totlii' Lord niid 
not ifittK men, knowing: that of the Lord ye shall 
receive tiie reward of the inheritance; lor ye 
serve liie Lord Christ. Hut he thi.t iloeih wrong, 
shall receive for the wrong wiiicfi he hath done, 
and there is no respect of persons. Ma.sters, gi e 
unto your servants that which is ju.-t and • qu-il ; 
knowing that ye also have a mast -r in heaven." 
To und-^rstand any spt cial instriietinn, it is ne- 
cessary to understai'd the condi ion andeitcum- 
sti'ices of tliose to whom tlie inslruetion is giv- 
en. This instruction was given to Roman ser- 
vants and masters, who were conver'ed to Chris- 
tianity. These servants were their masters' 
money or property. By the Roman law they 
were bound to service or labor for life. They 
were bought and sold as any otht r spuries of 
property. lu these respects their condition re- 
seniblid Aiii' ricaii slaves. Their Roman mas- 
ters, although converted 'o 'hrntianity, had 
power by the Roman law to coerce obedience bv 
any intans they might think proper to use, and 
Were respousiide to that Uiw for no cru< Ity they 
might practise. In this there is no resemblance 
between Roman and American slavtry. The 
American sl.iveis protected by law and secured 
in comfort. His service or labor is si^cnred to the 
master. For this service or labor the m^ister is 
legally bound for more than justice could demand 
as an equivalent — and that paid in the best 
font. 

Notwithstanding all this, our Northern breth- 
ren have allowed themselves to believe that 
Sou liern SUvery is as bad as Roman slavery. — 
No wonder therefore that it should awaken their 
sv"'pathy. NoTf let us suppose for argument's 
sake, that Southern si;' very is as bad as Roman 
slaveiy was ; what would our abolition brethren 
gain by the admission? Can they induce the 
world to believe, that they have reached a per- 
fection tha renders them more susceptible of 
sympathy ban the Saviour? They know that 
the Saviour had Roman slaveiy before his eyes 
consanily to awaken hi.s sympathy, and they 
believe he had the power toabolitsh it at any time, 
as much as he had to control the winds and 
waves of Galilee. Would it not then be respect- 
ful to Him to enquire how this a mighiy powi^r 
of bis wa<5 exe»cised for securing the gratifica- 
tion of his sympathetc heart, and how hi.« infi- 
nite bene olence niauifes'ed itself foi' the down- 
trodden and help|.-ss slave ( f flie Roman Em- 
pire ? To the man who will net consent to do 
tld^, W'- may safely apply the de-cripiion given 
of an Ephe>ian abolitionist in VI. Tim; that is, 
''That he 13 proud." Pride is an iinr' asonahle 
conceit of oue's owu super oriiy, but is there a 



nv,n i^<\ p«rth. who thinks himser'" *'i«' ""PPrinr 
of ChriFt in betievolence and rvi.'U'*'''.^* ^' 
that. 1 w II leave n.y reader to judije by ■\\<r ev- 
idou'C hich he niay ooiasess for the Pt "'•'*'"" "' 
of such ft qneRton. This much \n ct'h /' how. 
ever, that Ji-us ('1 rist had slavery beliit " "'8 
eyes every 'ay, and know that it exist"-d eV>"'y 
where in a worse form tlian any that now exiav*"* 
in A ia. Europe or America. 

I hive made 'he above (piota'ion from Paid's 
letter to tne C'lossians that my read"r might 
set! how (3liii>t's sympathy showed its If to- 
wards the «lave, and how his aii'hority was put 
forth upon tlie master. 'Ihi'* pattern of svmpa- 
thy was given by infinite wiS'Om and benevo- 
lence. It eer aiidy ought to be followed f)y us. 
This pattern er joins oliedienei' upon ihi- slave to 
his 'I aster, in all tliinirs, and tliis obi dier e se- 
cures to the master he service and labor of the 
pluve — but it does not stop there. It demands 
of the slave, not tmly this service in the letter, 
b t it demands a moral character for this ser- 
vice. With tint character, Christ 1 romi.-es to 
accept this service from the slave as a service 
done to him; and assures he slave that when 
this literal service to his eartldy master is ren- 
dered witii the moral qua iiies in his hear to- 
wards that master which Christ r^ quire- of him, 
that then thi service will he worthy of that re- 
waid which hi-^ heavenly Master has promised to 
them that obey Him. 

On the other hund, a moral charac'er is re- 
quired for the master's authority, exercised 0"er 
his servant, which in jus: ice and equity shall re- 
semble that of his heaven y Master This ia 
the way Jesus Chri>t expressed his sympathy 
for the po r down-trodden slave of the R 'niaa 
Empire. He did not abolish the relaiioti that 
that the slave sto<d in to his master. I'e did 
not teach him to rebel, to run awav, to murder, 
or steal. He never hinted to the slave the 
"freedom and eciuality" doctrine. But by a 
sin .''e breath from his righteous lips to the mas- 
ter.securedagreatr n oral ref rm for the world, 
than all the emancipations that have taken place 
from that time until this. There is truly moral 
power put forth for good, in the obedience en- 
joined upon the slave, and especially in the duty 
to the slave, enjoii ed upon the master. 

Question. ^ as Christ as capable of feeling 
Kympathy, as men of the present day ? Was he 
as • apabie, as men of the present day, of ex- 
pressing his sympathy in t' e best form? 

Question. Is all that he felt, and all that he 
did, in referen-e to slavery, infinitely rijjht, and 
infinitely perfect? If he was "God manifested 
in the flesh," this mrcst be .to. And if this be ?•, 
then there is, in our country, the most daring, 
and high-handed rebellion against God, on this 
subject, that has ever been practised since U« 
said, "ye are my friends, if ye do whatsoever I 
I sav unto you.' The principle of subordinatioa 
sought to be overthrown, is vital in church and 
s-ate. The infidel principle of "freedom and 
equalitv" sought to he established on its ruins, 
is unknown o the Bible, coniradicted hy all ex- 
perience, and subversive of all government 
amoi's: men. 

Tht nest inspired instruction I will present to 
my reader on the sibject of slavery, s in Paul's 
letter to the CoriutUiau church. No hiug was 



28 



more familiar at that time to the minds of men 
than slavery, in Corinth and all the adjacent sec- 
tions of the European and Asiatic continents. — 
On the subject of slavery, the Apostle in his let- 
ter to this church, lays down a general principle 
to guide christians in this and other relations 
they may sustain to society, while the world 
Stands. It in this, "that every man abide in the 
same ctilling wherein he was called." In the 
vii: ] to 25, you will find his meaning to be this: 
that if a man was called being a servant, the gos- 
pel did not free him; if free, the gospel did not en- 
slave him; if married, the gospel did not divorce 
him; if single, the gospel ^id not compel him to 
marry. These were all relations among men that 
were .sanctioned of God. The gospef corrected 
their abuses, by prescribing their duties. The 
omission of these duties was made to be sin 
against God. The context shows that the Apos- 
tle advised slaves and all others to rcnain as 
they were called. "Art thou called being a ser- 
vant, care not for it;" and advises, "if thou 
mayest be free, use it rather", which vras under- 
stood, until Calvin's day to mean, use slavery 
rather. I have no'doubt from the context in the 
20th and 24th verses, and the circumstances of 
the limes, that Paul would advise a preference 
for slavery over freedom to the slaves of this 
church, and to all other slaves with christian 
masters, placed in circumstances analogous to 
those which then existed If his advice to un- 
inarried persons, in the 8th and 9th verses and 
in the 2Gth and 27th, to remain single during 
that time of trouble, was good advice, — then for 
the same reason, his advice to christian slaves 
with christian masters, not to accept freedom if 
offered to them, was good advice also. Lt slave- 
ry to christian masters they were provided 
with homes, could remain with their fami- 
lies, were provided with food and raiment, were 
free from anxious worldly care, and could vrait 
upon the Lord without distraction. If freed, 
they would have nothing to depend on for 
the support of themselves and their families 
but their daily labor, and in addition would 
have the burdens of government to meet, 
and the perils of war to encounter. In assum- 
ing the responsibilities of freedom, they would 
have many competitors for the rewards of labor 
and merit. These competitors for the time be- 
ing, would be better qualified than themselves to 
obtain the prize. With such facts before the 
Apostle's mind, and with his experience of actual 
life, he could scarcely fail to advise christian 
slaves, who were without experience and proper 
qualifications for the successful use of freedom, 
to use bondage rather, if freedom should be of- 
fered them by a christian master. This would be 
the advice it seems to me, of any sensible, good 
man, to a slave under like circumstances. From 
the context, I take this without doubt to be the 
Apostle's advice. In any event however, as to 
what he meant by, "use it rather," the doctrine 
as to the lawfulness of slavery is the same. 
\Now let us glance at the antagonism between 
the teaching of God to this church on the sub- 
ject of slavery, and the teaching of Abohtion- 
ism, God teaches a slaveholding church to let 
every man abide in the same calling wherein he 
was called— that is, "if thou art called, being a 
servant, care not for it" — that slavery is a con- 



dition that should not awjiken a care in his mind. 
Care not for it, says God to the slave. Aboli- 
tionism teaches that he should care so much for 
it, as to assert his liberty, and if necessary to 
secure it, he may murder his master, steal Us 
property, burn his house, escape from his ser- 
vice, and use every means to overthrow his mas- 
ter, and the government under which his master 
lives, if it takes peace from the earth, and all the 
blessings of civilization. 

Can any two things be more opposite thau 
this teaching? No wonder the Apostle should 
charge Christians to withdraw from all who 
teach a doctrine, that must, when carried to its 
legitimate results, overthrow all subordination 
amou'i men, and involve the world in anarchy 
and blood. 

I feel almost ashamed that in a Christian coun- 
try, any man should be called upon to prove 
slavery to be a relation which God in his word, 
sanctions as lawful. Every man, from the time 
he begins to know anything, begins to know that 
the princi.ile of slavery and that slavery itself, to 
some extent, is an indispensable element in eve- 
ry form of government. The extent of the con- 
trol is to be measured by the capacity of the 
subject on which it acts. This is the prominent 
principle in every vitalized organization of the 
itaterial woild, as well as those organizations 
ordained and sanctioned of God for social pur- 
poses. 

The subordination of the inferior to the M-' 
perior, stands prominently to view in every thiti'g 
that comes from the hand of infinite wisdom. — 
Rebellion against this principle peopled the 
realms of darkness with those who were once 
the angels of light. The same thing brought 
upon us "all our woo." The Gospel of the Son 
of God was designed to re-establish the domin- 
ion of this principle. \\ hen this object is ac- 
complished, the wilderness and the soli!:ary place 
of the human heart is seen to bud and blossom 
as the rose. The rebellion of Abolitionism against 
this principle, as an element in the social struc- 
ture, is active, and dangerous in the highest de- 
gree to regulated liberty snd Christian civiliza- 
tion. If the Bible was duly reverenced, and but 
slightly examined, the evil could be corrected. 
But when we see men who are eminently intel- 
lectual, professing allegiance to Christ, and 
claiming at the same time his authority for do- 
ing and teaching what he has in his word de- 
nominated blasphemy, it awakens unavoidably 
the painful foreboding, which the inspiring 
Spirit authorizes in this declaration : "because 
they receive not the love of the truth, that they 
might be saved," "God, for this cause, shall send 
them strong delusion, that they should believe 
a lie, that they all might be damned who believe 
not the truth, but had pleasure in unrighteous- 
ness." The truth of God on slavery is not be- 
lieved, and unrighteousness, of the most crim- 
son hue, has given among us the highest pleas- 
ure to Abolitionists. They are seeking to over- 
throw governments whose models have the ex- 
press sanction of the Almighty. The Scriptures 
I have quoted from the Old Testament, prove 
that God ordained at Mount Sinai, a slave gov- 
ernment for His own people ; and those quoted 
from the New Testament prove that Christ, by 
the Apostles, sanctioned slave governments or- 



29 



ganizt'i by men, as ordinances of God. 
It \ ould be quite afl creditable to claim the 
character of benefactors and ptiilantliropists for 
orusaiers inlavorof freedom and equality among 
the members of the human body, as among ihe 
members ol the social body. Let each member 
of our bodies be personified — then inve.«t the 
foot with as much right to control and govern 
the eye, as the eye has to control and govern 
the foot, and so on of ail the rest of our mem- 
bers, — and in this you will have a fnir sample of 
what is now going on The tcot, with the con- 
trol and aid of the eye, ' as useful and as neces- 
sary as any other niembui of the body, for secur- 
ing and participating in the general and 
harmonious nsult of a subordinated set of mem- 
bers, which iiltogetlicr make up our body. But 
when the control vl' Ihe eye is tiken away, and 
the foot, unaided and uncontrolled by the eye, 
comroeuces its work in the thorny and dangerous 
path of life, upon the "freedom and equaliiy" 
principle, you will soon, see a result wiiich re- 
sembles the result in a social body under the 
same abolition and infidel piinciple. 

I know very w<'ll that the u. asses at the North 
have been artfully subjected by the school, the 
pulpit, and the press, lo, a system of teaching 
which has left them ignorant of God's word ou 
the subject of slavery. J know there yet lives 
in many of their hearts a reverence for that 
word, which Avould secure for it a control over 
their consciences, if they knew its teachings on 
this subject. Hoping that God in hU providence 
will make me an humble instrument in opening 
the eyes of some such, I have penned these pa- 
ges. I feel that the necessity for fuch an elTort 
is a scandal to a Christian people; for certain I 



that the same authority for husbands and mas- 
ters is sanctioned, and the same subjection of 
wives and servants enjoined, as that by the A- 
postle to the Gentiles — and the same moral 
characteristics are demanded for the authority 
exercised by the superior, and the Bubordination 
rendered by the inferior. It is made on both 
sides a part of Chri.-tian duty by botii of these 
Apostles. Tliny make it to be a service rendered 
to God as well as to men. 

Now to lay this instruction of the Apostle 
Peter, with all the circumstances belonging to 
it, by the side of the Abolition instruction, and 
what do we see ? On the one side, we see an 
ambassador of Christ enjoining upon his own 
flesh and blood, political submission in a chris- 
tian spirit, to governments whicii sanction sla- 
very; to governments which had failed to furn- 
ish guards against the abuses of the master; to 
go'ernment which were created and administer- 
ed by an idolatrous people; and enjoining also, 
obedience with good will from the heart, on 
christian slaves to idolatrous, as well as christian 
masters. And it is worthy of further remark, 
that this obedience was enjoined upon slaves 
who were the descendants of Shem and Japheth 
who were capable of exercising freedom; and 
not upon Ham's race who were devo ed to sla- 
very by the Almighty. See Gen. ix: 24 to 27 
before referred to. On the otiier side we see 
men blaspheming this doctrine of political and 
servile obedience taught by Peter, not because 
the obedience is rendered to idolatrous govern- 
ments and idolatrous masters, but because it is 
rendered to Christian governments and to Chris- 
tian masters. They are not only blaspheming 
the doctrine, but exerting every nerve to sub- 



am, that no article of the Christian faith is bet- ject men to the belief, that such servile obedience 



ter sustained by the fiible, than is that of slave 
ry. 

Having quoted the Apostle of the Gentiles in 
his inspired letters ;o Gentile churches on the 
subject of slavery, before I close, I will quote 
Peter on the same subject, who was the Apostle 
of the Jews. He seems to have felt in the lat- 
ter years of his life, great solicitude for his scat- 
tered brethren who were persecuted and enslaved 
throughout tiie extended region of their disper- 
sion, along the western boundary of Asia, and 
the eastern boundary of Europe, from the Med- 
iterranean to the Black Sea, and thence along 
the northern boundary of what is called the 
Lesser Asia. This had long been the theatre of 
their dispersion and suffering. But many of 
them, hearing the Gospel, had enlisted in the ser- 
vice of Christ. The Apostle well knew their 
character for disloyalty to other governments 



as Peter's doctrine calls for, is the greatest sin 
on earth; and that governments which enjoin it, 
ought not to be honored or obeyed, whatever 
reverence for God or good will for men, their 
subjects may feel and practise. And that re- 
bellion and treason against such governments 
are ' irlues for which the perpetrators are des- 
tined to wear the brightest honors of heaven. 

Can there be harmony between things so un- 
like as the teachings of Peter, and the teachings of 
the abolitionists ? Can these streams come from 
the same fountain ? Can our abolition brethren 
be as safe to follow as Christ and the Apostles? 
One teaches "freedom and equality ;" the other 
teaches inequality and subordination. One leads 
to anarchy — the other to order. One leads to 
love — the other to hatred. One leads to war — 
the other to peace. Either liberty, or civil za- 
tion, or both, must die when the world is sub- 



and how unwilling they were, as Jews, to be sub- jected to the control of their leading principle of 



jected to the control of Gentiles — either in a 
domestic or political relation. And hence the 
instruction he gives them concerning government 
as an ordinance of God ; and hence the exhor- 
tation he gives them to yield submission to eve- 
ry ordinance of man for the Lord's sake. See 
II: 11 to the III: 18 of 1st Peter. Here you 
will find that the same political and domestic re- 
lations are enumerated, as those enunciated by 
the Apostle Paul — the same subjection to gov- 
ernment enjoined — and the same moral charac- 
ter demanded for their political obedience as that 
required by the Apostle Paul. You will find also 



"freedom and equality" among men. It is self 
destroying when adopted, and seeks to destroy 
all government- which do not recogni2e it. 

There remains another letter to be noticed 
which was written by the Apostle Paul. It is 
his letter to Philemon. I am often reminded by the 
existence and contents of this letter, of the cha- 
racter eiven by the Apostle to the word of 
God. There is a fulness, suitableness, and per- 
fection ascribed to the Scriptures, which it is 
said, leaves us in ignorance on no subject 
of which as Christians it is essential for us to 
have knowledge. By the Scriptures the man of 



of God i«t said to be t.borongrMy furnished »!tli 
all ilh' ktiowlecljp iifcfcs?ary for nnidiiig him ii 
evtry pood novl and work. L't le perhaps, did 
thf Ap.wil,^ thiiilv, that in Wiitiii^r this short, let- 
ter hf was ert'ctintr a s'ai diird b wh'ch not only 
men wt-ie to iiK-asinc smd he meiisnrcd, hut m stan- 
dufil l)y nliieli states wcie to measure and be tnca- 
siirpii, no' only in >no>vr and social, but alr^o in 
personal and iiational righteousness. Tiiis lirtle 
let-i is .-o lull i>t' i ivic.e M ijiic, that nv ral pu 
tri'lity ii- individuals a' d(=fatep, chii be unnnAsk- 
el 1) i 1, as i(;i liij a5 bj the t-aviur ndn n lie 
expo«' d ho i< T;ienne>s to view, «hicliliy con- 
cealed bcnea h beaud ully whited s<pii chns. 
Bifore the wri'ing of this letter, no Scripture 
furnislitd the information which is now needel 



dinrii of all that is written in the Bible on the 
siitiject of slavery. 

It all other inptnict'on given to the chnrch and 
the w(ir]d was bl .tted out fpom the Rib!.-, there 
would 8 ill rirajiin in whHt this lirtle 1 itir coii- 
faiiis, all t'le doctrine, and all tho diitv, which 
bt lonj; to the %vhole siibjfi t. Atid a co plt-te 
and perfect answer would be fuinish. d by u, to 
all the questions rthich can suggest thi^mselves 
to an liouest and candid mind, as to t le will of 
God, and the duty of men on the su^'je t of sla- 
very. 

Tt e letter presents us with a runaway slave.—. 
It iitorms us h^t, that slave in a di-tiMt coun- 
try fr. n) his m is er, is converted ro Christianity 
through the agency of the Apot-tle P. til. Tliat 



— that is, in a form thut cannot be inisunder- t^e Apostle was a prisoner at the time in the p.iry 

of Rome. This convert lets the Apostle know- 
that he is a slave, and that he had fled from his 
master. There was no law in the Ro-nan Em- 
pire, by which it was made the Apostle's duty o 
have this shive r-turn d to his nia^t.r. There 
was no specific law from Christ or ih^- Holv Sipirit 
through the Apos'les, requiring the church — or 
enjoining any of her members —to do hi^. Tliis 
little letter informs us that the miister of this 
slftVe WH3 a chrislia^; tnat he was known 1 1 the 
Apostle to be no otily a chri-^tian, bu a preach- 
er of the gospel; and not oidy a preac er, but a 
preacher standing hiiih in the Apos h 's esteem 
for those qua itie> which adorn the private and 
official ehnracter of a chri-tian minister. The 
apostle, after this sla/e's conversion, was -o de- 
lighted with his christian depor meit that he felt 
a deep iuterest in him and cherished a most in- 
tense affection for him. 

The let er iniorms us that the Apostle was ad- 
vanced in vears, hid lone been bound wth the 
prisoner's chain, and was daily looking for the s(hi- 
tence of a prejudiced trib iial t 'at would end his 
life. He was poor, and occupied a position which 
made hi-' friends quail under the expreseion of 
sympathv for him. In thistryi g condition, he 
found his fugitive convert pre-eminenily fitt- d to 
minister to him, an that he took great phasure ia 
doing so. Upon the master of this slave the Apos- 
tle had the stronges claims for any favor h • might 
ask of him. Any man under like circumstancps, 
who was not the immediate representative of God, 
in word and deed, would have first written 
to the master and b -gged as a favor that he 
slave might remain and minister to him. Anj 
man without intense feelintrso'. responsibility to 
God and men lor every word he spoke, and eve- 
ry act he performed, woidd have al owed his 
condition., under such circumstances to furnish a 
sanction for r taining this servant until he mas- 
t re iild be heard f.-^ni. How completely this 
case is invested with all the circumstances wh'ck 



aiood. Ill the progress of human events, this 
inforiiiaiion was not needid until the nineteenth 
century. I^iit the precise information wh ch 
tills letter furnishes is now wanting It is want- 
ing to show the sin which men are now commit- 
ting a&'ainst God and men — notonlv m opposirig 
slavery, but in refusing to deliver up fugitive 
slav-.s. 

Among a'l the covenants made by nations In- 
volving the obligations of morality and good 
nughborship up to the eighteenth century, there 
Was none to deliver up fuijitive slaves to their 
owners. Duiing -Solomon's reign, Shinn i pur- 
sued and recovered two of his slaves, who had 
taken refuge with Acliish, son of the king, in a 
nei hboring state. They were delivered up on 
application of the owner— and national comity, 
as ill that case, has trequ-iitly beeri practised in 
regard to lugitives (rom labor and fugitives from 
justice. But no sol mn covenant has ever been 
entered into by nations to deliver them up on 
applciiiion of their owners, until the original 
sovereitiii states which formed this Un on, co e- 
nanted to do so. When his compact was en- 
tered into, the oblijration of an oath was relied 
on; and by the solemnities of an oathj the par- 
ties to this compact, in (he person of their agents 
bound themselves before heaven and earth to 
deliver up fugitive slaves. 

Paul little thought, when writing this letter by 
a fugitive slave and returning him to his Christi- 
an master, (who was also a minister of th Gos- 
pt 1.) and most affectionately entreating that 
Christian master to receive this fugitive again 
and to forgive h'ln, and binding himself in wri 
t.ng to pay that niasti r for all whieh t is slave 
bad stolen or wrongfully taken from him — that it 
wO' Li prov'^ as leaven liid in three measures of 
meal, until it produced such a sense of what 
was just, and proper, and ri ht, and Christian- 
like, as to induce t irteeii sovereign States, seven- 



teen hundred and twenty-nine years aft- r that can g've weight and character to the lesson G'd 
letter waswri'.ten, to copy his example and bind designed to teach by it! The runniitg away of 



themselves i i a solemn covenant to imitate him 
if th* ir future course of national conduct. How 
painful ills to see the moral power of this in- 
spired example dying away uinler the sway of 
infidelity, which repudiates the Bible, and pro- 
claims "freedom and equality," where God in 
Lis word tea hes there is one. 

li^re IS an iiicid nt in tlie providence of God, 
so reiiiarkably .-urroiiud- d «itri p culi rities, as 
to make it ou this sulject, a complete compen- 



this slave, his conversi n to l.'hrist bv the Apos- 
tle of the gentiles in a distan' country, its con- 
nexion wirh the Apostle's condition at ihe time, 
and with his personal acquaintance and high es- 
timate of this slave's master, his high claims upon 
that nia-ter, his assitriiing the i: jist'ce of appro- 
prlHtin;; to Ids coinfrt what belonged to another 
man as the reason for sending the slave home ; — 
putting these thiiurs fogeiher, cm any man oa 
earth read ihii letter, and allow it to expand ia 



hiB thonj!:''tR to the cVciiinferpDce of its plain 
jinpoit, a' d tli''n look hi?' fellow man in ilip aoe 
and Hrtv, that slawTy ia a .-in, tliat to ri'tiir a 
fufiitiv.- pluve to liig nia>tcr, i- smftil? lti the 
ligl t of this oi-i" no man On earth can he i'tve it. 

We of ihis Union liavo fiolcinnly boiini otir- 
selvee to deliver up Ciigiiive slaves to thi ir mas- 
ters. I he Apestle Pmil was undc r no bucIi cove- 
nant obliiJHt on. No earrlily law bound hi d to 
do it. No New Testiinient statute h.id b< en de- 
livered, which in so many words, required it i.f 
him; yet he did it, beciiuse he was pu dedbyi - 
ppiration, in estcd with an office, and placed in 
a condition, that ■■ tide his conduct in this whole 
matter, an authoritative law of chriMia^iitif, 
so phiiily w riti n thai all men who .-eek to gio- 
rif\ Gild by HCtinf; out His will, in justice and 
righteousness on this subjet, cannot mi.-under- 
stand it. 

Tlie Apostle in complying with the demands 
of justice to the mas er by s^ndint; his slave 
bac to him again, and in exeinplilying the doc- 
trine o Ciir St, — which requires ol u what- 
soever is just, whutsoev. r is honest, what- 
soevtr is of go d repot t — and especially 
that we act out the spirit, as we!l as the 
letter, of l.iyalty to government as God's ordi- 
nance, — deprived hiniisi It of all the soothing 
sympathy and suitable assistai ce, w'nieb this 
convt ried slave could have reiuh red hitn; that 
he miyh' by his conduct let the pure and unal- 
loyed ri I teou-<iiess demanded by Christianity, 
shine out lik« the sun, so that all men could see 
what the will of God was under like ciicuinstan- 
CPS. He had taught this will in person to the 
church>'S. lie had sent it to thmi, and to the 
evangelists in leiters. He now cm'^'odi. s all he 
had lauglit, and the legi'imate rt suits of his 
teach ngs, in his conduct. O'lr fatlieis citered 
into a c >venant lociiryou the righteous course 
ol coiiduct exhibited by this inspired example. 
Butalas! their covenant i> DOW declared lobe 
"a covtnant w:th hell", and the breach of it a 
passport lo eai thly honor. 

OBJ EC ION- WANTED. 

There was a statute which forbade the Israel- 
ites to deliver up fugitive slaves. The aboliiion- 
i-is teach, that tlii law acte on the slaves of 
the sraeliti s. This is not so. It acted, not on 
their -.laves, but on he .-lavc'^ of the nations 
around them. It was, in that day and has been 
ever siice, a practice ainoug nations, not to de- 
livi f u[> fugitives fiom labor, or ju-tice, unless it 
suited their policy and pleasure to do so. As a 
matie of comity, it has .it times been practised. 
When thest sovereign state- forn ed a Fi deral 
Union, ti ey agreed by a Si lemu covenant to de- 
liver up to their m.isters, tugi ive .-laves who fli d 
from another state. The Almighty forh d the 
Jews to iio ihih, because ih-- slaves who fl d to 
tht m fled from id latrous n.a>lers, and ido.atrous 
nanons around t leni. 

Thpse idolatrous na'ions and their idolatry 
were devoted to de.-ti-uclion by the Almi:hty. — 
To lave d. 1 veied up ihe.-e lu;;itiT' s theiefore, 
to the r idolatrous at d cruel inasteisa<;ain,\vou d 
bave been . quiv^ilent to puiting t tm to eaih, 
because d ah awaited hern oti their return. 

Aaaiu. Bv a. law of the Israelites, Deut. 
xvii: 2, to 7, — it any person practised, or was 



31/ 

ffuilly, of idolatry among them, he was imm(»di- 
aie*y p nislied with deaih. Tin' tugiiive from an 
iih»l'tidus nation, «ho tie 1 to ihein, iiiusi there- 
fore renounce his id"lHtry, or incurthe penalty of 
this aw; he c 'tild not continue an idohitor, and 
live. Had the iTaelit' 8 been permitted to de- 
liver him up to hisidohitroui' master, they would 
hiive presented the htrange anomily of giving 
aid and encouraL'em'-nt to that v ry idolary, 
thev were commissioned to extertninaie. 

The hiw as 1 have said, had not ing t) do 
with the slaves of the Israelifrs when they fled 
from th' ir ma-itrs. The Almi.;hty lad given 
the Israelites leL'al aut lOriiy to purchase slaves, 
made the-iC slaves property, bound them to -tt- 
Tic ■ or labor, and passed a law author z;ng iheir 
nnisters, to transmit them as an inlieritance to 
their children foiever. See Lvii. xxv:44 45.46. 
^arah'- slav" maid Hagar, ran away from her 
mistnss. The Almighty sent an angel from 
Heaven to order her back to her mi-irees 
again. Onesimus, a slave man, ran away 
from his christian master Philemon. Tiie A;i03- 
tle Piiul sent this sla e wheti converted, bacU to 
his mrt^ter again. '1 hese, 1 should sup ose, might 
be taken as safe pa terns to 'ollow, u. der like cir- 
cumstances, unless we are better than Angels or 
Apostles. 

There WHS another statute in t' e Mosaic law, 
wlrch forbid stt »ling and eilmg of men. The 
abol t onists te ch that this la* proves ^lavery 
dm not exist among the Israelites. There ia 
such a law as this in all the sl.ve states of the 
world, and it is the h g«l existence of .-lavery 
that renders such a law neces-ary. Where 
there is no slavery there i- no need for thi- aw. 
While all slave sta'es however, fort.i 1 the Mealing 
office men, or slaves, they sanc'ion and legiita'e 
by aw, the buying and selling of slaves, as did 
the Mosaic law. What the Mosaic law forbade 
was, ihe uteaiing ol Hebrews who were free, and 
making slaves of them. Deut. xxiv 7. 0< steal- 
ing any man to ma e gain ol him. Exo. xx :16, 
W here the service, or labour ot men in any 
country is made yiroperty by 1 iw, then, as a mat- 
ter of course, rogues are tempt d to steal them, 
just as they are any other species of property 
wh ch is valuable; and for the same reason they 
are t mptod to steal free tnen and make .slaves 
of them, and hence the necessity for siu^h a law. 
NoTK : — According to the Biole, the Alini;;h- 
ty subjected the E:;yptians to national ho:.d.ige 
by Joseph, and afterwards, with o ens of anger, 
released the Israelite- by Moses, trom national 
bondage to the E-yptians. How is this apparent 
ii consistency to be accou t-d for ? It is easily 
accounted for, if we h t the -cripiures be our 
teacher. Th- descendan - of Ham, in Gen. ix: 
'25.26. 27, are devoted to slivery, and Shem and 
Japht th were made their mas ei8. In the davs 
o Jitcoh, Ham's de-cendants isi Egypt -ere 
free, and were about 'o per sh for the want of 
proper (jiia ifi ations to use freed'^m. <i'o sent 
Shein, in the person of Joseph, to -uhject them 
to a more effie.ien government th«n tney were 
capable of inaugurating or disposed to exercise. 
One hundred and tif y years after this, the d' .s- 
cend'iiits of Ham, by the power of numbers, and 
the wor-t of mot.ves, subjected, in the same 
kingdom, the • escendant- of Shem, to their oon- 
tro.. They soon dcinonsiratcd, by i<nbeoility 



32 



and merciless cruelty, that the inferior ought not 
to rule over the superior race. Hence the. Al- 
mighty, made a most signal display of His dis- 
pleasure against such unnatural subordination, 
and the savage cruelty to which it led. By Moses, 
He relea'^ed the Israelites, the superior race, 
from this bondage to the inferior, and visited his 
wrath upon the usurpers of liis power, lor their 
unnatural and savage cruelty. lie had delega- 
ted his power to Shem and Japheth to conirol 
Ham. But He never Lad delegated his power 



to Ham, to rule over Shem or Japheth. TheDi- 
viufv subordination of these races, is written iu 
the scriptures for our learning. It is only ne- 
cessarv to look upon the domestic and national 
fields of experiment, up to the present period of 
the world's history, to satisfy us that God's plan 
of subordinating individuals and races, is wise, 
humane, and good, and that the infidel theory 
of "treedom and equality ' is only evil and that 
continually. 



